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DOI: 10.1055/a-2505-6130
Störungen des Natriumhaushaltes
Von der Pathophysiologie zur Therapie
Zusammenfassung
Störungen des Natriumhaushaltes gehören zu den häufigsten und zugleich komplexesten Herausforderungen in der nephrologischen Praxis. Sie betreffen zahlreiche Patienten mit unterschiedlichen Grunderkrankungen und können sowohl in akuten als auch in chronischen Situationen auftreten.
Für die Therapie einer Hyponatriämie muss zunächst eine Risikostratifizierung anhand der neurologischen Symptomatik erfolgen. Schwer symptomatische Patient*innen erhalten als Bolus kleine Mengen einer hypertonen Natriumchloridinfusion und benötigen eine intensivmedizinische Überwachung. Die ursachenspezifische Therapie erfordert eine stringente Ursachenabklärung unter Kenntnis der Pathophysiologie der Wasserhomöostase.
Die häufigste Ursache einer Hypernatriämie ist ein Mangel an freiem Körperwasser und tritt oftmals bei dementen Patient*innen mit geringer Trinkmenge und Wasserverlust auf, bspw. durch Fieber oder Diarrhö. Das Wasserdefizit kann berechnet werden und sollte mittels hypotoner Infusionslösung ausgeglichen werden.
Publication History
Article published online:
14 April 2025
© 2025. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
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