WHO-Leitlinie zur Kohlenhydratzufuhr für Erwachsene und Kinder

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund Nicht-übertragbare Krankheiten sind weltweit für die meisten Todesfälle verantwortlich. Ungesunde Ernährung wird dabei als wichtiger Risikofaktor angesehen. Unter anderem steht die Qualität der Kohlenhydrate in der Ernährung in Zusammenhang mit einem erhöhten Risiko nicht-übertragbarer Krankheiten. Der Anteil an Ballaststoffen ist ein besonders wichtiger Indikator für die Qualität von Kohlenhydraten.

Ziel Ziel dieser Leitlinie der Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) ist es, Empfehlungen zur Kohlenhydratzufuhr, einschließlich der Ballaststoffzufuhr und der gesunden Kohlenhydratquellen, zu erstellen.

Methode Die Leitlinie wurde gemäß des WHO-Handbuchs für die Entwicklung von Leitlinien entwickelt. Der Prozess beinhaltet eine Überprüfung der systematisch erfassten Evidenz durch eine internationale, multidisziplinäre Expert*innengruppe, eine Bewertung des Vertrauens in diese Evidenz anhand des GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) – Ansatzes und die Berücksichtigung zusätzlicher Faktoren bei der Formulierung von Empfehlungen

Ergebnisse Die Ergebnisse von sieben systematischen Übersichtsarbeiten informierten die Formulierung der Empfehlungen zur Kohlenhydratzufuhr. Die WHO empfiehlt, dass die Kohlenhydratzufuhr hauptsächlich aus Vollkornprodukten, Gemüse, Obst und Hülsenfrüchten bestehen sollte. Weiters empfiehlt sie für Erwachsene eine Zufuhr von mindestens 400 g Gemüse und Obst pro Tag, für Kinder und Jugendliche je nach Alter mindestens 250–400 g pro Tag. Bezüglich natürlich vorkommender Ballaststoffe wird für Erwachsene eine tägliche Zufuhr von mindestens 25 g, für Kinder und Jugendliche je nach Alter 15–25 g pro Tag empfohlen.

Abstract

Background Noncommunicable diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. Unhealthy diets are a major risk factor. Among other dietary factors, poorer quality of carbohydrates in the diet is associated with an increased risk of NCDs. The proportion of dietary fibre is a particularly important indicator of the quality of carbohydrate.

Objective The aim of this World Health Organization (WHO)guideline is to provide guidance on carbohydrate intake, including dietary fibre and healthy food sources of carbohydrates.

Method This guideline was developed following the WHO Manual for Guideline Development. The process includes a review of systematically gathered evidence by an international, multidisciplinary group of experts, an assessment of the confidence in this evidence using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach, and the consideration of additional factors when translating the evidence into recommendations.

Results The results of seven systematic reviews inform the formulation of carbohydrate intake recommendations. The WHO recommends that carbohydrate intake should consist primarily of whole grains, vegetables, fruits and legumes. It also recommends an intake of at least 400 g of vegetables and fruit per day for adults and at least 250–400 g per day for children and young people, depending on their age. With regard to naturally occurring fiber, a daily intake of at least 25 g is recommended for adults and 15–25 g per day for children and adolescents, depending on age.

Schlüsselwörter

Kohlenhydrate - Empfehlungen - Leitlinie - Erwachsene - Kinder

Keywords

carbohydrates - recommendations - guideline - adults - children

Publication History

Received: 16 April 2024

Accepted after revision: 10 July 2024

Accepted Manuscript online:
10 July 2024

Article published online:
15 August 2024

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