Auf dem Weg zu kulturellen Skripten von Traumafolgen

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund Für die Beschreibung von depressionsartigen psychischen Beschwerden in verschiedenen kulturellen Weltregionen hat sich das Konzept der kulturellen Skripte als sehr nützlich erwiesen. Der Beitrag stellt erstmals das Galaxienmodell und dessen Umsetzung in der Modellvorstellung der kulturellen Skripte theoretisch vor und verbindet diese mit der kulturpsychologischen Werteforschung. Mit einer neuen, umfangreichen Serie von Forschungsprojekten sollen posttrauma-bezogene psychische Beschwerden in verschiedenen Weltregionen untersucht werden.

Methoden Die Arbeit in zwei Ländern/Regionen begann mit Fokusgruppen, in denen Elemente kultureller Skripte durch traumatisierte Klienten und/oder von (therapeutischen) Experten zusammengetragen werden. Dazu wurde ein theoriegeleiteter Rahmen möglicher post-traumatischer Skriptelemente vorgegeben. In der Schweiz wurden Fokusgruppen mit Patient:innen und mit Expert:innen durchgeführt. In Ruanda und drei ostafrikanischen Ländern wurden Fokusgruppen mit Genozid-Überlebenden und anderen Traumaopfern durchgeführt. Die Auswertung fand semi-quantitativ statt.

Ergebnisse Als Skriptelemente wurden in der Schweiz ca. 50 Symptome und Veränderungen genannt (z. B. Trotzdem funktionieren müssen). Als Skriptelement in Ostafrika wurden ca. 100 Symptome und Veränderungen genannt (z. B. Verlust der Menschenwürde). Erste temporale Zusammenhänge (d. h. starke Skripts) wurden für die Schweizer Skripts gefunden (z. B. Selbstentwertung – Drang zu funktionieren). In der Ostafrikanischen Studie wurden zudem den Skriptgruppierungen zugrundeliegende kulturelle Wertorientierungen erhoben (z. B. Ansehen in der Gemeinschaft).

Diskussion Die hier vorgestellten illustrativen Ergebnisse belegen das Galaxienmodell und die Eignung des kulturellen Skriptkonzepts für die Traumafolgen-Erfassung. Es zeigen sich Unterschiede und Übereinstimmungen in den beiden bisher untersuchten Weltregionen. Weitere Schritte an den beiden Studien-Sites werden die temporalen Zusammenhänge und die Beziehungen zu Wertorientierungen sein. An den anderen Untersuchungssites werden die Studien in den Folgejahren gestartet.

Abstract

Background The concept of cultural scripts has proven to be very useful for describing depression-like psychological complaints in different cultural regions of the world. The article presents the galaxy model and its implementation in the model of cultural scripts theoretically for the first time and connects these with cultural psychological value research. A new, extensive series of research projects aims to investigate post-trauma -related psychological complaints in various regions of the world.

Methods The work in two countries/regions began with focus groups in which elements of cultural scripts were collected by traumatized clients and/or by (therapeutic) experts. For this purpose, a theory-based framework of possible post-traumatic script elements was provided. In Switzerland, focus groups were conducted with patients and experts. Focus groups were conducted with genocide survivors and other trauma victims in Rwanda and three East African countries. The evaluation was semi-quantitative.

Results In Switzerland, around 50 symptoms and changes were mentioned as script elements (e. g. still having to function). Approximately 100 symptoms and changes were mentioned as script elements in East Africa (e. g. loss of dignity). The first temporal connections (i. e. strong scripts) were found for the Swiss scripts (e. g. self-devaluation – urge to function). In the East African study, cultural value orientations underlying the script groupings were also assessed (e. g. community reputation).

Discussion The illustrative results presented here demonstrate the galaxy model and the suitability of the cultural script concept for recording the effects of trauma. There are differences and similarities in the two world regions examined so far. Further steps at the two study sites will be the temporal connections and the relationships to value orientations. The studies will be started at the other study sites in the following years.

Schlüsselwörter

PTBS - KPTBS - Kulturelle Skripte - kulturell gebundene Leidensformen - Kultursensitiv

Key words

PTSD - CPTSD - cultural scripts - Cultural Formulation - culture sensitive

Publication History

Received: 18 October 2023

Accepted: 16 February 2024

Article published online:
05 April 2024

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