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Nervenheilkunde 2023; 42(09): 649-655
DOI: 10.1055/a-2050-0917
Übersichtsarbeit

Der Teufelskreis zwischen Arbeitslosigkeit und Substanzgebrauchsstörungen

The vicious circle of unemployment and substance use disorders
Carina Nolte-Troha
1   Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich
,
Stefanie Neumann
2   European University of Applied Sciences, Rostock
,
Andreas G. Franke
1   Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Munich
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ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Hintergrund Die Beziehung zwischen Arbeitslosigkeit und Erkrankungen findet in der Wissenschaft zwar Beachtung, der Zusammenhang zwischen Arbeitslosigkeit und Substanzgebrauchsstörungen aber weit weniger.

Methoden Eine systematische Literaturanalyse zu den Begriffen „unemployment”, „substance use”, „drugs”, „alcohol”, „nicotine” und „tobacco” wurde durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse Es gibt einen signifikanten Zusammenhang zwischen Arbeitslosigkeit und Substanzgebrauchsstörungen, wobei unstrittig ist, dass Substanzgebrauchsstörungen die Wahrscheinlichkeit von Arbeitslosigkeit signifikant erhöhen. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass aber Arbeitslosigkeit wiederum zu Substanzgebrauchsstörungen führt, ist in der Studienlage multifaktoriell und weniger klar. Studien zur Beziehung zwischen Arbeitslosigkeit und Konsumrückfallgefahr sowie Arbeitslosigkeit und dem Beenden des Substanzkonsums sind zudem uneindeutig. Auch lässt sich die Frage nach dem Zusammenhang zwischen Wirtschaftszyklen und Substanzkonsumstörungen nicht eindeutig beantworten.

Konklusion Arbeitslosigkeit und Substanzgebrauchsstörungen sind mehr oder weniger deutlich miteinander assoziiert. Beide führen meist zu (weiteren) körperlichen und psychischen Störungen sowie insbesondere zu psychosozialen Schwierigkeiten und einer Prekarisierung von Lebensumständen.

Klinische Relevanz Es gilt ärztlicherseits Substanzgebrauchsstörungen frühzeitig zu erkennen und auf ein Sistieren des Substanzkonsums hinzuwirken, um negative Konsequenzen und insbesondere Arbeitslosigkeit zu verhindern.

ABSTRACT

Background The relationship between unemployment and psychiatric disorders is an important subject at least since the industrial revolution. However, regarding the correlation between unemployment and substance use disorders (SUD), there are predominantly older as well as isolated and fragmented research results.

Methods A systematic literature research was conducted regarding the search terms “unemployment”, “substance use”, “drugs”, “alcohol”, “nicotine” and “tobacco”.

Results It can be clearly demonstrated that SUD increases the likelihood of being or becoming and staying unemployed. However, the assumption that unemployment increases the likelihood of SUD can only be demonstrate by a multifaceted trend. Furthermore, studies trying to demonstrate the association of SUD and the risk for relapses or SUD and cessation do not show clear results but a trend, too. Beyond that, the association between SUD and economic cycles is still relatively unclear.

Conclusion There are associations between unemployment and SUD with the clearest results for the aspect of SUD leading to unemployment. Both are leading to (further) somatic and mental disorders and psychosocial difficulties as well as precarization of living conditions

Clinical relevance It is of great importance to detect SUD in patients as early as possible and assist patients in quitting substance use to avoid detrimental consequences.

Schlüsselwörter

Arbeitslosigkeit - Substanzgebrauchsstörungen - Alkohol - Abhängigkeit

Key words

Unemployment - substance use disorder - alcohol - addiction


Publikationsverlauf

Artikel online veröffentlicht:
04. September 2023

© 2023. Thieme. All rights reserved.

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