Demografische und epidemiologische Risikofaktoren bei Patienten mit akuter Neuropathia vestibularis

Zusammenfassung

Einleitung Die Neuropathia vestibularis (NV) gehört zu den häufigsten peripher vestibulären Gleichgewichtserkrankungen. Demografische und weitere Risikofaktoren sind unzureichend publiziert. Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, bei Patienten mit NV assoziierte Risikofaktoren zu identifizieren.

Methoden In dieser retrospektiven Untersuchung erfolgte eine Auswertung der stationär therapierten NV-Fälle zwischen 2017 und 2019. Einschlusskriterium war die otoneurologisch gesicherte Diagnose einer akuten NV. Patientendaten wurden mit denen der deutschen Normalbevölkerung (Robert Koch-Institut, „Gesundheit in Deutschland aktuell“) verglichen.

Ergebnisse Es wurden 168 Patienten (Ø 59,8 Jahre) behandelt. Die Studienpopulation hatte im Vergleich zur deutschen Normalbevölkerung signifikant häufiger kardiovaskuläre Vorerkrankungen und männliche Patienten signifikant häufiger eine arterielle Hypertonie. Weitere Nebenerkrankungen zeigten keine signifikanten Unterschiede. 23% hatten eine Leukozytose und 9% gaben an, eine VZV- oder HSV-1-Erkrankung in der Vergangenheit gehabt zu haben.

Diskussion Ätiologie und Pathogenese der NV sind unzureichend geklärt. Entzündliche und vaskuläre Ursachen werden diskutiert. In dieser Studie hatten Patienten vermehrt kardiovaskuläre Vorerkrankungen im Vergleich zur Normalbevölkerung, die Patienten hatten jedoch einen höheren Altersdurchschnitt. Unklar ist die Bedeutung unspezifisch erhöhter Leukozytenwerte als Zeichen einer durch eine Infektion ausgelöste NV. Vor dem Hintergrund zunehmender stationär therapierter NV-Erkrankungen sollten prospektive Untersuchungen erfolgen, um die Pathogenese der Erkrankung besser zu verstehen.

Abstract

Objective Vestibular neuritis (VN) is one of the most common peripheral vestibular balance disorder. Demographic and other risk factors associated with VN are insufficiently published. Therefore, the aim of this study is to identify associated risk factors in patients with acute VN.

Methods This study evaluated all hospitalized VN cases between 2017–2019. Inclusion criteria was an otoneurologically confirmed diagnosis of acute VN. Patient data was compared with data of the German normal population (Robert Koch Institute, “Gesundheit in Deutschland aktuell”).

Results 168 patients (Ø 59.8 years) were included. Compared with the normal German population, the study population was significantly more likely to have preexisting cardiovascular diseases, and the male patients were significantly more likely to have arterial hypertension. No significant differences were measurable between the study population and the normal population for other secondary diseases. Leukocytosis was present in 23% on admission, and 9% of patients reported a history of VZV or HSV-1 disease.

Discussion Etiology and pathogenesis of VN are poorly understood. Inflammatory and vascular causes are discussed. In this study, patients had increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease compared with the normal population, but the study population had a higher average age. Currently, it is unclear what significance nonspecific elevated leukocyte values could have as a possible sign of VN triggered by an infection. Since the number of inpatient cases with VN is rising, prospective studies should be performed to get a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease.

Schlüsselwörter

Neuritis vestibularis - Schwindel - Alter - Geschlecht - Epidemiologie - Risikofaktoren

Keywords

Vestibular neuritis - Vertigo - Age - Gender - Epidemiology - Risk factors

Publication History

Received: 15 November 2022

Accepted after revision: 12 January 2023

Article published online:
28 March 2023

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