Ist Stress am Arbeitsplatz ein Thema für den kardiologischen Alltag? Evidenz, Erkennung und Therapie aversiver Stressbedingungen im Arbeitsumfeld

Zusammenfassung

In modernen Industriegesellschaften verbringen die Menschen die aktivste Zeit ihres Lebens in beruflicher Umgebung, die damit weitgehend Alltag und Lebensqualität bestimmt. Immer mehr verschwimmen die Grenzen zwischen Privatem und Beruflichem. Neben „klassischem“ Arbeitsstress – häufig definiert als Missverhältnis von hohen Anforderungen bei gleichzeitig geringen Entscheidungsmöglichkeiten oder als Missverhältnis zwischen Arbeitseinsatz und Belohnung – gehören u. a. Überarbeitung, Mobbing und Arbeitsplatzverlust sowie negative Arbeitsplatzbedingungen zu den Belastungen, die seelische und körperliche gesundheitliche Probleme auslösen können. Evidenz aus Megastudien mit > 100000 Teilnehmern belegt die Bedeutung von Arbeitsstress als Risikofaktor (RF) für Hypertonie, Schlafstörungen und Depressionen. Unter Arbeitsstress werden häufig gesundheitsgefährdende Verhaltensweisen als Kompensationsversuche eingesetzt. Andauernder Arbeitsstress wird damit zu einem signifikanten RF für ischämische Herzerkrankungen, zerebrovaskuläre Ereignisse und Diabetes mellitus. Arbeitsstress sollte daher in der kardiologischen Praxis exploriert werden. Grundzüge einer auf Arbeitsstress fokussierten Gesprächsführung für den Alltagseinsatz werden vorgestellt.

Abstract

In modern industrial societies, people spend their most active time in work environments which largely determine everyday life and quality of life. Boundaries between the private and professional spheres are disappearing. In addition to “classic” work stress – often defined as a disproportion between high demands and low control or as a disproportion between work effort and reward – over-work, job insecurity and negative workplace conditions have the potential to trigger mental and physical health impairments. Evidence from mega-studies including > 100000 participants proves the impact of work-stress as risk factor for hypertension, insomnia and depression. Often, unhealthy life styles (alcohol, smoking etc.) are employed as self-damaging compensatory strategies. Together, sustained work stress results in significant risk for ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular events and diabetes mellitus. Work stress should be explored in cardiology practice. A comprehensive outlook on a work stress focused counselling under practice condition is presented.

Was ist wichtig?

Die Evidenz aus epidemiologischen und klinischen Megastudien weist auf ein hohes psychisches und somatisches Erkrankungsrisiko durch verschiedene Formen von Arbeitsstress hin.

Mittels fokussierter Gesprächsführung und Motivational Interviewing kann in der kardiologischen Praxis auf die Auswirkungen von Arbeitsstress eingegangen werden.

Schlüsselwörter

Arbeitsstress - Lebensqualität - Depression - koronare Herzerkrankung - Risikofaktoren

Keywords

quality of life - depression - coronary heart disease - risk factors - work stress

Publication History

Article published online:
29 March 2023

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