Hämostaseologie in der neonatologischen und pädiatrischen Intensivmedizin

Störungen des physiologischen Gleichgewichts im Gerinnungssystem können bei Kindern wie bei Erwachsenen angeboren oder erworben auftreten und zu Blutungen und/oder Thrombosen führen. In der klinischen Präsentation, Diagnostik, Befundinterpretation und Therapie gilt es allerdings einige Besonderheiten des Kindesalters zu beachten.

Kernaussagen

• Gerinnungsstörungen im Kindesalter sind selten.

• Anamnese, klinische Untersuchung und Labordiagnostik stellen die Säulen bei der Abklärung einer Gerinnungsstörung dar.

• Die Kenntnis der altersabhängigen Normalwerte für Früh- und Neugeborene sowie Säuglinge ist zur Beurteilung der Befunde und Diagnosestellung notwendig.

• Therapieempfehlungen werden in Anlehnung an diejenigen Erwachsener umgesetzt.

• Die medikamentöse Therapie der Thrombosen im Kindesalter erfolgt häufig als Off-Label Use (bisher sind lediglich Rivaroxaban und Dabigatran für die Therapie der venösen Thrombose zugelassen).

Schlüsselwörter

Kinder - Pädiatrie - Neonatologie - Thromboembolie - Gerinnungsmanagement

Publication History

Article published online:
30 March 2023

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