Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/a-1849-1355
Strengthening the Resilience of Children and Adolescents during a Pandemic: A Scoping Review on Eligible Interventions
Stärkung der Resilienz von Kindern und Jugendlichen während einer Pandemie: ein Scoping Review zu geeigneten Interventionen![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/klinpaed/202301/lookinside/thumbnails/1517_10-1055-a-1849-1355-1.jpg)
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic dramatically affects children’s and adolescents’ mental health. The accumulation of stress factors and a lack of social support complicate a healthy development. Since the beginning of the pandemic, there has been almost a doubling of mental health problems in children and adolescents. Promoting resilience is a possible approach to reduce the incidence of mental health problems despite these adverse circumstances.
Objectives This literature search aims at identifying and evaluating interventions to promote resilience mechanisms, with a special focus on feasibility in a crisis situation.
Materials and methods This scoping review is based on a systematic literature search including the databases Cochrane Library, PubMed, Psyc-Info, Psyndex and Google Scholar (2006–2020). Of 1733 identified articles 75 were included.
Results Out of 72 identified intervention studies 28% were feasible under pandemic conditions. The most effective resilience trainings seem to be individualized interventions using cognitive behavioral therapy elements. However, many approaches primarily show short-term success.
Discussion Few evidence-based programs are feasible online or under pandemic restrictions. Most of them show short-term effects and focus on parents and individuals. Multiple programs are ready for use, but still lack proof of efficacy. The development and improvement of (digital) resilience interventions should be an essential part of preventive health care, especially for risk groups.
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund Die COVID-19-Pandemie beeinflusst die mentale Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen auf dramatische Weise. Durch eine Akkumulation von Belastungsfaktoren und das Wegfallen sozialer Unterstützung ist eine regelrechte Entwicklung erschwert. Seit Beginn der Pandemie kam es nahezu zu einer Verdopplung der psychischen Auffälligkeiten. Die Förderung der Resilienz kann ein Ansatz sein, das Auftreten von psychischen Auffälligkeiten trotz dieser widrigen Umstände zu vermindern.
Ziel der Arbeit Ziel dieser Literaturrecherche ist die Identifikation und Bewertung von Interventionen zur Förderung von Resilienzmechanismen, mit Fokus auf die Durchführbarkeit unter Krisenbedingungen.
Material und Methoden Dieses Scoping Review basiert auf einer systematischen Literaturrecherche der Datenbanken Cochrane Library, PubMed, Psyc-Info, Psyndex sowie Google Scholar (2006–2021). Von der insgesamt 1733 Artikel umfassenden Suche wurden 75 Artikel eingeschlossen.
Ergebnisse Von 72 identifizierten Interventionsstudien sind 28% unter Pandemiebedingungen durchführbar. Die wirksamsten Resilienztrainings scheinen individualisierte Interventionen mit Elementen der kognitiven Verhaltenstherapie zu sein. Viele Ansätze zeigen jedoch in erster Linie kurzfristige Erfolge.
Diskussion Nur wenige evidenzbasierte Programme sind online oder unter Pandemiebedingungen verfügbar. Die meisten von ihnen zeigen kurzfristige Effekte und konzentrieren sich auf Eltern und Einzelpersonen. Zahlreiche Programme sind nutzbar, allerdings fehlt häufig ein Evidenznachweis. Die Entwicklung und Verbesserung von (digitalen) Resilienzmaßnahmen sollte ein wesentlicher Bestandteil der präventiven Gesundheitsversorgung sein, insbesondere für Risikogruppen.
Publication History
Article published online:
10 August 2022
© 2022. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Georg Thieme Verlag
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart,
Germany
-
References
- 1 Ahrens K. et al. Impact of COVID-19 lockdown on mental health in Germany: longitudinal observation of different mental health trajectories and protective factors. Translational Psychiatry 2021; 11 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01508-2.
- 2 Alexandra Langmeyer AG-R, Naab T. et al. Kind sein in Zeiten von Corona. Ergebnisbericht zur Situation von Kindern während des Lockdowns im Frühjahr 2020. In: Jugendinstitut D, ed. München. 2020
- 3 Andermo S. et al. School-related physical activity interventions and mental health among children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine - Open 2020; 6: 25 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-020-00254-x.
- 4 Arksey H. et al. Scoping studies: towards a methodological framework. International Journal of Social Research Methodology 2005; 8: 19-32 DOI: 10.1080/1364557032000119616.
- 5 Balluerka N. et al. Influence of animal-assisted therapy (AAT) on the attachment representations of youth in residential care. Children and Youth Services Review 2014; 42: 103-109 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.04.007.
- 6 Bengel Jea. Schutzfaktoren bei Kindern und Jugendlichen-Stand der Forschung zu psychosozialen Schutzfaktoren für Gesundheit. In: Cologne: Bundeszentrale für gesundheitliche Aufklärung
- 7 Boldt K. et al. Interventions to Ameliorate the Psychosocial Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children—A Systematic Review. International journal of environmental research and public health 2021; 18: 2361
- 8 Calland C. et al. Tackling Anxiety in Schools: Lessons for Children Aged 3–13. Routledge; 2021
- 9 Chmitorz A. et al. Longitudinal determination of resilience in humans to identify mechanisms of resilience to modern-life stressors: the longitudinal resilience assessment (LORA) study. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience 2021; 271: 1035-1051 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-020-01159-2.
- 10 Cusinato M. et al. Stress, Resilience, and Well-Being in Italian Children and Their Parents during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228297.
- 11 David OA. et al. Is REThink therapeutic game effective in preventing emotional disorders in children and adolescents? Outcomes of a randomized clinical trial. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2019; 28: 111-122 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-018-1192-2.
- 12 Dray J. et al. Systematic Review of Universal Resilience-Focused Interventions Targeting Child and Adolescent Mental Health in the School Setting. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2017; 56: 813-824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2017.07.780.
- 13 Fegert JM. et al. Challenges and burden of the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic for child and adolescent mental health: a narrative review to highlight clinical and research needs in the acute phase and the long return to normality. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2020; 14: 20 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-020-00329-3.
- 14 Feierabend S, Rathgeb T, Kheredmand H. et al. JIM-Studie 2020- Jugend, Information, Medien : Basisuntersuchung zum Medienumgang 12- bi 19-Jähriger. 2020 https://www.mpfs.de/fileadmin/files/Studien/JIM/2020/JIM-Studie-2020_Web_final.pdf (accessed 25 March 2022 2022)
- 15 Firth J. et al. The efficacy of smartphone-based mental health interventions for depressive symptoms: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. World Psychiatry 2017; 16: 287-298 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20472.
- 16 forsa Politik- und Sozialforschung GmbH. Mediensucht 2020 –Gaming und Social Media in Zeiten von Corona: DAK-Längsschnittstudie: Befragung von Kindern, Jugendlichen (12 – 17 Jahre) und deren Eltern. In: DAK-Gesundheit; 2020
- 17 Fröhlich-Gildhoff K. et al. Menschen stärken. Resilienzförderung in verschiedenen Lebensbereichen. 2021
- 18 Godara M. et al. Investigating differential effects of socio-emotional and mindfulness-based online interventions on mental health, resilience and social capacities during the COVID-19 pandemic: The study protocol. PLoS One 2021; 16: e0256323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256323.
- 19 Golberstein E. et al. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and Mental Health for Children and Adolescents. JAMA Pediatr 2020; 174: 819-820 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.1456.
- 20 Gore FM. et al. Global burden of disease in young people aged 10–24 years: a systematic analysis. The Lancet 2011; 377: 2093-2102 DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60512-6.
- 21 Harris M. et al. Technology-Assisted Parenting Interventions for Families Experiencing Social Disadvantage: a Meta-Analysis. Prev Sci 2020; 21: 714-727 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-020-01128-0.
- 22 Hutchings J. et al. A randomized controlled trial of the impact of a teacher classroom management program on the classroom behavior of children with and without behavior problems. Journal of school psychology 2013; 51: 571-585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2013.08.001.
- 23 Kenny R. et al. Developing mental health mobile apps: Exploring adolescents’ perspectives. Health Informatics Journal 2014; 22: 265-275 DOI: 10.1177/1460458214555041.
- 24 Leijten P. et al. Effectiveness of the Incredible Years Parenting Program for Families with Socioeconomically Disadvantaged and Ethnic Minority Backgrounds. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 2017; 46: 59-73 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2015.1038823.
- 25 Lenz A. Kinder psychisch kranker Eltern. Unterstützungsbedarf und präventive Hilfen. Prävention 2006; 29: 16-20
- 26 Liang L. et al. The Effect of COVID-19 on Youth Mental Health. Psychiatr Q 2020; 91: 841-852 DOI: 10.1007/s11126-020-09744-3.
- 27 Luthar SS. et al. Resilience and Adversity. In: Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science. 2015: 1-40 DOI: 10.1002/9781118963418.childpsy307
- 28 MacDonell KW. et al. A Review of Technology-Based Youth and Family-Focused Interventions. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2017; 20: 185-200 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-016-0218-x.
- 29 Malboeuf-Hurtubise C. et al. Philosophy for children and mindfulness during COVID-19: Results from a randomized cluster trial and impact on mental health in elementary school students. Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry 2021; 107: 110260 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110260.
- 30 Malboeuf-Hurtubise C. et al. Online art therapy in elementary schools during COVID-19: results from a randomized cluster pilot and feasibility study and impact on mental health. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health 2021; 15: 15 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-021-00367-5.
- 31 Marciniak M. et al. Stand-Alone KVT-basierte Interventionen via Smartphone zur Förderung der psychischen Gesundheit. Nervenheilkunde 2021; 40: 558-566 DOI: 10.1055/a-1488-4943.
- 32 Masten AS. Resilience Theory and Research on Children and Families: Past, Present, and Promise. Journal of Family Theory & Review 2018; 10: 12-31 DOI: 10.1111/jftr.12255.
- 33 Masten AS. et al. Multisystem Resilience for Children and Youth in Disaster: Reflections in the Context of COVID-19. Advers Resil Sci 2020; 1: 1-12 DOI: 10.1007/s42844-020-00010-w.
- 34 Neal SC. et al. Differential impacts of the Incredible Years-Teacher Classroom Management program based on young children’s risk profiles. Early Childhood Research Quarterly 2020; 51: 473-482 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecresq.2020.01.007.
- 35 Nowak C. et al. A comprehensive meta-analysis of Triple P-Positive Parenting Program using hierarchical linear modeling: effectiveness and moderating variables. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2008; 11: 114-144 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-008-0033-0.
- 36 O’Leary-Barrett M. et al. Two-year impact of personality-targeted, teacher-delivered interventions on youth internalizing and externalizing problems: a cluster-randomized trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2013; 52: 911-920 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2013.05.020.
- 37 Park ER. et al. A Virtual Resiliency Intervention Promoting Resiliency for Parents of Children with Learning and Attentional Disabilities: A Randomized Pilot Trial. Matern Child Health J 2020; 24: 39-53 DOI: 10.1007/s10995-019-02815-3.
- 38 Prime H. et al. Risk and resilience in family well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Am Psychol 2020; 75: 631-643 DOI: 10.1037/amp0000660.
- 39 Radesky JS, Schumacher J, Zuckerman B. Mobile and Interactive Media Use by Young Children: The Good, the Bad, and the Unknown. Pediatrics 2015; 135: 1-3
- 40 Ravens-Sieberer U. et al. Prevalence of mental health problems among children and adolescents in Germany: results of the BELLA study within the National Health Interview and Examination Survey. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2008; 17: 22-33 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-008-1003-2.
- 41 Ravens-Sieberer U. et al. Psychische Gesundheit und Lebensqualität von Kindern und Jugendlichen während der COVID-19-Pandemie – Ergebnisse der COPSY-Studie. Dtsch Arztebl International 2020; 117: 828-829
- 42 Ravens-Sieberer U. et al. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on quality of life and mental health in children and adolescents in Germany. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2021; DOI: 10.1007/s00787-021-01726-5.
- 43 Reinauer C. et al. Efficacy of Motivational Interviewing to Improve Utilization of Mental Health Services Among Youths With Chronic Medical Conditions: A Cluster Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA network open 2021; 4: e2127622 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.27622.
- 44 Rosenberg AR. et al. Effect of the Promoting Resilience in Stress Management Intervention for Parents of Children With Cancer (PRISM-P): A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA network open 2019; 2: e1911578 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.11578.
- 45 Sandler I. et al. Long-Term Effects of Parenting-Focused Preventive Interventions to Promote Resilience of Children and Adolescents. Child Dev Perspect 2015; 9: 164-171 DOI: 10.1111/cdep.12126.
- 46 Sasser J. et al. A longitudinal investigation of protective factors for bereaved maltreated youth. Child Abuse Negl 2019; 96: 104135 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104135.
- 47 Sauer K. et al. How often do German children and adolescents show signs of common mental health problems? Results from different methodological approaches – a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2014; 14: 229 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-14-229.
- 48 Shanahan L, Steinhoff A, Bechtiger L. et al. Emotional distress in young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic: evidence of risk and resilience from a longitudinal cohort study. Psychol Med 2020; 1-10
- 49 Stice E. et al. A meta-analytic review of depression prevention programs for children and adolescents: factors that predict magnitude of intervention effects. J Consult Clin Psychol 2009; 77: 486-503 DOI: 10.1037/a0015168.
- 50 Traub F. et al. Modifiable Resilience Factors to Childhood Adversity for Clinical Pediatric Practice. Pediatrics 2017; 139 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2016-2569.
- 51 Twenge JM. et al. Underestimating digital media harm. Nature Human Behaviour 2020; 4: 346-348 DOI: 10.1038/s41562-020-0839-4.
- 52 Unicef. Rethinking screen-time in the time of COVID-19. In: 2020:
- 53 Veer IM. et al. Psycho-social factors associated with mental resilience in the Corona lockdown. Translational Psychiatry 2021; 11: 67 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-020-01150-4.
- 54 Vella SA. et al. An Intervention for Mental Health Literacy and Resilience in Organized Sports. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53: 139-149 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002433.
- 55 Wade M. et al. Why we need longitudinal mental health research with children and youth during (and after) the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry Res 2020; 290: 113143-113143 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113143.
- 56 Wright AW. et al. Predictors of Better Functioning among Institutionalized Youth: A Systematic Review. Journal of Child and Family Studies 2019; 28: 3245-3267 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-019-01527-0.
- 57 Xie X. et al. Mental Health Status Among Children in Home Confinement During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Outbreak in Hubei Province, China. JAMA Pediatr 2020; 174: 898-900 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2020.1619.
- 58 Yule K. et al. Resilience in Children Exposed to Violence: A Meta-analysis of Protective Factors Across Ecological Contexts. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2019; 22: 406-431 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-019-00293-1.
- 59 Zhou S-J. et al. Prevalence and socio-demographic correlates of psychological health problems in Chinese adolescents during the outbreak of COVID-19. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 2020; 29: 749-758 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-020-01541-4.
- 60 Zolkoski SM. et al. Resilience in children and youth: A review. Children and Youth Services Review 2012; 34: 2295-2303 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.08.009.