Typ-1-Diabetes ist eine chronische Autoimmunerkrankung und Ergebnis eines komplexen Zusammenspiels zwischen Umweltfaktoren und Mikrobiom, Genom, Stoffwechsel und Immunsystem, das von Fall zu Fall unterschiedlich ist. Der Beginn des Autoimmunprozesses findet in der Regel Jahre vor der Manifestation der klinischen Symptome statt. Bereits kurz nach der Geburt kann anhand der Bestimmung eines genetischen Scores das Risiko für die Entwicklung des Autoimmunprozesses in der frühen Kindheit ermittelt werden. In dieser Arbeit werden Screeningstrategien zur Typ-1-Diabetes-Risiko-Ermittlung bei Neugeborenen und aktuelle Studien zur Primärprävention der Erkrankung vorgestellt und diskutiert.
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