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Kinder- und Jugendmedizin 2022; 22(03): 149-157
DOI: 10.1055/a-1822-4067
Schwerpunkt

Epstein-Barr-Virus-assoziierte Erkrankungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen

Jonas Geisperger
1   Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München
,
Uta Behrends
1   Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München
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ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Über 95 % der Erwachsenen weltweit sind mit dem Epstein-Barr-Virus (EBV) infiziert. Während die Primärinfektion meist oligo- oder asymptomatisch verläuft, erkranken ca. 500 pro 100 000 Menschen pro Jahr an einer Infektiösen Mononukleose (IM), mit einem Häufigkeitsgipfel zwischen 15 und 24 Jahren. In den meisten Fällen heilt die Erkrankung folgenlos aus. Jedoch werden Fälle von protrahierter Abgeschlagenheit (Fatigue) oder postinfektiösem Chronischem Fatigue-Syndrom (syn. Myalgische Enzephalomyelitis) als Folge der IM beobachtet. Weitere schwere akute Komplikationen wie Milzriss, Atemnot aufgrund von „kissing tonsils“ oder Hämophagozytische Lymphohistiozytose sind beschrieben und können prinzipiell alle Organsysteme betreffen. EBV ist zudem mit verschiedenen malignen Erkrankungen wie Nasopharynxkarzinom, Hodgkin- und Burkitt-Lymphom sowie Autoimmunerkrankungen wie Multiple Sklerose assoziiert. Einige angeborene und erworbene Immundefekte gehen mit einem hohen Risiko für EBV-assoziierte Komplikationen einher. In den meisten Fällen sind die Ursachen und Risikofaktoren noch unbekannt. Ein lizensierter Impfstoff ist noch nicht verfügbar. Die Diagnostik der EBV-Primärinfektion kann durch unklare serologische Befunde erschwert sein, ist aber von großer Bedeutung, um akute Komplikationen und Spätfolgen eindeutig zuordnen und rechtzeitig korrekt behandeln zu können.



Publication History

Article published online:
22 June 2022

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