Gesundheitsökonomische Aspekte von Übergewicht und Adipositas: Krankheitskosten und Kosteneffektivität am Beispiel von Werberegulierungen

Zusammenfassung

Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die mit Übergewicht und Adipositas assoziierten Kosten in Deutschland und stellt empirische Ergebnisse zur Kosteneffektivität von Maßnahmen zur Regulierung von TV-Werbung für ungesunde Lebensmittel aus der internationalen Literatur vor. Übergewicht und Adipositas gehen mit sehr hohen Kosten für das Gesundheitssystem und die Gesellschaft einher, welche zugleich das maximale Einsparpotenzial an theoretisch vermeidbarer ökonomischer Krankheitslast darstellen. Am Beispiel der Regulierung von TV-Werbung für ungesunde Lebensmittel wird aufgezeigt, wie mit den Methoden der ökonomischen Evaluation die Kosteneffektivität von Präventionsmaßnahmen beurteilt werden kann. Eine internationale Literatursuche identifizierte sechs modellbasierte Kosteneffektivitätsanalysen, die die Wirtschaftlichkeit von Regulierungen für Zeithorizonte zwischen 10 und 100 Jahren untersuchen. Die Interventionen erwiesen sich in allen Studien und für alle untersuchten Länder/Populationen als kosteneffektiv oder kostensparend. Zukünftig sollten vermehrt Interventionsprogramme, bestehend aus aufeinander abgestimmten und simultan implementierten präventiven und therapeutischen Maßnahmen entwickelt und ökonomisch evaluiert werden.

Summary

This article provides an overview of overweight and obesity related costs in Germany and presents empirical findings on the cost-effectiveness of interventions that regulate TV advertising for unhealthy foods. Due to the high prevalence and significant individual health burden, overweight and obesity are associated with substantial costs to the healthcare system and society, which implies a huge potential for theoretically avoidable economic disease burden. Childhood and adolescence offer a unique opportunity for prevention. Studies evaluating the regulation of TV advertisement for unhealthy foods to children and adolescents are used to show how the long-term cost-effectiveness of preventive measures can be established using health economic evaluation methods. An international literature search identified six model-based cost-effectiveness studies. The evaluated regulations are cost-effective or cost-saving in all studies and for all countries/populations examined. Future research should develop and assess the health economic effects of intervention programs consisting of coordinated and simultaneously implemented preventive and therapeutic measures.

Schlüsselwörter

Gesundheitsökonomische Evaluation - Kosten - Adipositas - Prävention

Key words

Health Economic Evaluation - Costs - Obesity - Prevention

Publication History

Article published online:
20 June 2022

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