Diagnostic Accuracy of Synovial Neopterin, TNF-α and Presepsin in Periprosthetic Joint Infection: A Prospective Study

Abstract

Background Due to the lack of specificity of conventional diagnostic tools, the prediction of periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) remains challenging. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of synovial fluid neopterin, presepsin, and TNF-α as diagnostic parameters and to compare it to the biomarkers recommended in the 2018 definition of periprosthetic hip and knee infection.

Methods Between August 2018 and July 2019, a prospective cohort study was conducted in 80 patients with painful hip, shoulder, and knee arthroplasty. In addition to medical history, clinical and laboratory data were gathered. PJI was diagnosed based on the 2018 definition of periprosthetic hip and knee infection. Synovial joint fluid was analyzed for biomarker measurement using standard quantitative enzyme immunoassay kits.

Results Fifty-three patients (66%) were classified as the aseptic group and twenty-seven patients (34%) as the PJI group. The mean levels of synovial fluid neopterin were significantly higher (p < 0.01) in the PJI group than those in the aseptic group (aseptic 8.3 ± 6.9 vs. PJI 20.9 ± 21.4 nmol/L). The average values of synovial fluid TNF-α and presepsin were not significantly higher in the PJI group than those in the aseptic group (presepsin: aseptic 0.13 ± 0.19 vs. PJI 0.11 ± 0.32 ng/mL, p = 0.08; TNF-α: aseptic 6.6 ± 7.3 vs. PJI 46.3 ± 123.2 pg/mL, p = 0.17). Synovial fluid neopterin was 59% specific and 74% sensitive with a cut-off value of 7.2 nmol/L. The sensitivity and specificity of synovial fluid TNF-α were 63 and 51% with a cut-off value of 3.9 pg/mL. Synovial fluid presepsin was 51% specific and 29% sensitive with a cut-off value above 0.06 ng/mL.

Conclusion Synovial fluid neopterin appears to a reliable diagnostic marker for detection of PJI. In contrast, synovial fluid TNF-α and presepsin are not suitable to exclude or diagnose PJI.

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund Aufgrund der Unzuverlässigkeit der aktuell zur Verfügung stehenden diagnostischen Tests bleibt die Diagnosestellung von periprothetischen Infektionen (PPI) eine Herausforderung. Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, die Zuverlässigkeit von Neopterin, Presepsin und TNF-α aus der Synovialflüssigkeit als Parameter in der Diagnostik von PPI zu bewerten und diese mit denen von Biomarkern, die in der 2018er-Definition von PPI des Knie- und Hüftgelenks empfohlen werden, zu vergleichen.

Methoden Zwischen August 2018 und Juli 2019 wurde eine prospektive Kohortenstudie mit 80 Patienten, die über Schmerzen bei einliegender Endoprothese an Knie-, Schulter- und Hüftgelenk klagten, durchgeführt. Neben der Anamnese wurden klinische und laborchemische Daten erhoben. Die Diagnose PPI wurde anhand der Definition von periprothetischen Infektionen aus dem Jahr 2018 gestellt. Neopterin, TNF-alpha und Presepsin wurden mit standartisierten ELISA in der Synovialflüssigkeit gemessen

Ergebnisse 53 (66%) Patienten wurden als aseptisch und 27 (34%) als die PPI-Gruppe klassifiziert. Die mittleren Konzentrationen von Neopterin in der Synovialflüssigkeit waren bei Patienten mit PPI signifikant höher (p < 0,01) als in der aseptischen Gruppe (aseptisch 8,3 ± 6,9 nmol/l vs. PPI 20,9 ± 21,4 nmol/l). Die mittleren Konzentrationen von synovialem TNF-α und Presepsin waren nicht signifikant höher bei Patienten mit PPI als in der aseptischen Gruppe (Presepsin: aseptisch 0,13 ± 0,19 ng/ml vs. PPI 0,11 ± 0,32 ng/ml, p = 0,08; TNF-α: aseptisch 6,6 ± 7,3 pg/ml vs. PPI 46,3 ± 123,2 pg/ml, p = 0,17). Synoviales Neopterin zeigte eine Spezifität von 59% und eine Sensitivität von 74% bei einem Cut-off-Level von 7,2 nmol/l. Die Sensitivität und Spezifität von snyovialem TNF-α lag bei 63% und 51% bei einem Cut-off-Level von 3,9 pg/ml. Synoviales Presepsin wies eine Sepzifität von 51% und eine Sensitivität von 29% bei einem Cut-off-Level über 0,06 ng/ml auf.

Schlussfolgerungen Synoviales Neopterin erwies sich als vielversprechender Biomarker in der Diagnostik von periprothetischen Infektionen. Synoviales TNF-α und Presepsin sind nicht geeignet, um eine periprothetische Infektion auszuschließen.

Key words

neopterin - TNF-α - presepsin - PJI - synovial fluid

Schlüsselwörter

Neopterin - TNF-α - Presepsin - PPI - Synovialflüssigkeit

Publication History

Article published online:
09 December 2020

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