Zeitschrift für Orthomolekulare Medizin 2020; 18(03): 22-28
DOI: 10.1055/a-1254-4679
Wissen

Healthy Aging: Gesundheit im Alter ist kein Zufall!

Teil 1: Pathobiochemie des Alterns und Bedeutung von ω-3-Fettsäuren
Uwe Gröber

Zusammenfassung

Unsere Lebenserwartung ist zu ca. 30 % genetisch determiniert, die restlichen 70 % bestimmen Ernährung, körperliche Aktivität und soziale Kontakte. Wesentliche Faktoren des Alterungsprozesses sind Immunoseneszenz und Inflammaging, die mit zunehmendem Mobilitäts- und Funktionsverlust assoziiert sind. Die ausreichende Zufuhr von Mikro- und Makronährstoffen spielt bei der Modulation des Immunsystems und der Verringerung des Inflammaging eine wichtige Rolle. Neben einer erhöhten Proteinzufuhr zum Erhalt der Muskelmasse spielen im Alter v. a. die ω-3-Fettsäuren Eicosapentaensäure (EPA) und Docosahexaensäure (DHA) eine wichtige Rolle. Diese maritimen Fettsäuren wirken durch verschiedene Mechanismen antientzündlich und können so dazu beitragen, das Altern zu verlangsamen und der Entstehung von Alterskrankheiten vorzubeugen.



Publication History

Article published online:
14 October 2020

© 2020. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 
  • Literatur

  • 1 Ben-Haim MS, Kanfi Y, Mitchell SJ. et al. Breaking the Ceiling of Human Maximal Life span. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2018; 73 (11) : 1465-1471
  • 2 Cevenini E, Monti D, Franceschi C. Inflammageing. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2013; 16 (01) : 14-20
  • 3 Franceschi C, Campisi J. Chronic inflammation (inflammaging) and its potential contribution to age-associated diseases. The journals of gerontology Series A, Biological sciences and medical sciences 2014; 69 (Suppl 1): S4-9
  • 4 Franceschi C, Garagnani P, Parini P. et al. Inflammaging: a new immune-metabolic viewpoint for age-related diseases. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2018; 14 (10) : 576-590
  • 5 Barbé-Tuana F, Funchal G, Richter Schmitz CR. et al. The interplay between immunosenescence and age-related diseases. Seminars in Immunopathology 2020 DOI: doi:10.1007/s00281-020-00806-z
  • 6 Fulop T, Larbi A, Dupuis G. et al. Immunosenescence and Inflamm-Aging As Two Sides of the Same Coin: Friends or Foes? Front Immunol. 2018 8. 1960
  • 7 Lopez-Otin C, Blasco MA, Partridge L. et al. The hallmarks of aging. Cell 2013; 153 (06) : 1194-1217
  • 8 Dall’Olio F. Glycobiology of Aging. Subcell Biochem 2018; 90: 505-526
  • 9 Yarbro JR, Emmons RS, Pence BD. Macrophage Immunometabolism and Inflammaging: Roles of Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Cellular Senescence, CD38, and NAD. Immunometabolism 2020; 2 (03) : e200026
  • 10 Grimble RF. Nutritional modulation of immune function. Proc Nutr Soc 2001; 60 (03) : 389-397
  • 11 Minciullo PM, Catalano A, Mandraffino G. et al. Inflammaging and Anti-Inflammaging: The Role of Cytokines in Extreme Longevity. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2016; 64 (02) : 111-126
  • 12 Bonaccio M, Di Castelnuovo A, Pounis G. et al. A score of low-grade inflammation and risk of mortality: Prospective findings from the Molisani Study. Haematologica 2016; 101 (11) : 1434-1441
  • 13 Gröber U, Kisters K, Schmidt J. Important drug-micronutrient interactions: A selection for clinical practice. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 23: 1-19. DOI: doi: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1522613.
  • 14 Gröber U. Magnesium and Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20 (09) . pii: E2094. DOI: doi: 10.3390/ijms20092094.
  • 15 Gröber U. Common drugs as micronutrient disruptors: A selection for clinical practice. Ann Epidemiol Public Health 2020; 3 (01) : 1014-1031
  • 16 Livshits G, Kalinkovich A. Inflammaging as a common ground for the development and maintenance of sarcopenia, obesity, cardiomyopathy and dysbiosis. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 56: 100980
  • 17 Katsanos CS, Kobayashi H, Sheffield-Moore M. et al. Aging is associated with diminished accretion of muscle proteins after the ingestion of a small bolus of essential amino acids. Am J Clin Nutr 2005; 82 (05) : 1065-1073
  • 18 Pennings B, Boirie Y, Senden JMG. et al. Whey protein stimulates postprandial muscle protein accretion more effectively than do casein and casein hydrolysate in older men. Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 93: 997-1005
  • 19 Bauer J, Biolo G, Cederholm T. et al. Evidence-based recommendations for optimal dietary protein intake in older people: a position paper from the PROT-AGE Study Group. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2013; 14 (08) : 542-559
  • 20 Diekmann R, Bauer JM. Proteinbedarf älterer Menschen. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2014; 139 (06) : 239-242
  • 21 Jäger R, Kerksick CM, Campbell BI. et al. International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: protein and exercise. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2017; 14: 20
  • 22 Colonetti T, Grande AJ, Milton K. et al. Effects of whey protein supplement in the elderly submitted to resistance training: systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2017; 68 (03) : 257-264
  • 23 Xu ZR, Tan Zj, Zhang Q. et al. The effectiveness of leucine on muscle protein synthesis, lean body mass and leg lean mass accretion in older people: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Nutr 2015; 113 (01) : 25-34
  • 24 Calder PC. Fatty acids and inflammation: the cutting edge between food and pharma. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 668 (S1): S50-S58
  • 25 Calder PC. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and inflammatory processes: nutrition or pharmacology?. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2012; 75 (03) : 645-662
  • 26 Calder PC. Omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes: from molecules to man Biochem Soc Trans. 2017; 45 (05) : 1105-1115
  • 27 Calder PC, Bosco N, Bourdet-Sicard R. et al. Health relevance of the modification of low grade inflammation in ageing (inflammageing) and the role of nutrition. Aging Res Rev 2017; 49: 95-119
  • 28 Cutuli D. Functional and Structural Benefits Induced by Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids During Aging. Current Neuropharmacology 2017; 15: 534-542
  • 29 Richter V, Bühler M, Thiery J, Hamm M. Multiple effects of omega-3 fatty acids within adipose tissue. Adipositas 2020; 14: 96-106
  • 30 Bannenberg G, Serhan CN. Specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators in the inflammatory response: An update. Biochim Biophys Acta 2010; ; 1801 ( 12: 1260-1273
  • 31 Khanapure SP, Garvey DS, Janero DR, Letts LG. Eicosanoids in inflammation: Biosynthesis, pharmacology, and therapeutic frontiers. Curr Top Med Chem 2007; 7: 311-340
  • 32 Hong S, Lu Y. Omega-3 fatty acid-derived resolvins and protectins in inflammation resolution and leukocyte functions: targeting novel lipid mediator pathways in mitigation of acute kidney injury. Front Immunol 2013; 4: 13
  • 33 Novak TE, Babcock TA, Jho DH. et al. NF-kappa B inhibition by omega-3 fatty acids modulates LPS-stimulated macrophage TNF-alpha transcription. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2003; 284 (01) : L84-L89
  • 34 Martinon F, Burns K, Tschopp J. The Inflammasome: A Molecular Platform Triggering Activation of Inflammatory Caspases and Processing of pro-IL-1β. Mol Cell 2002; 10 (02) : 417-426
  • 35 Martinon F, Tschopp J. Inflammatory caspases: linking an intracellular innate immune system to autoinflammatory diseases. Cell 2004; 117 (05) : 561-574
  • 36 Yan Y, Jiang W, Spinetti T. et al. Omega-3 fatty acids prevent inflammation and metabolic disorder through inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Immunity 2013; 38 (06) : 1154-1163
  • 37 McDougle DR, Watson JE, Abdeen AA. et al. Anti-inflammatory ω-3 endocannabinoid epoxides. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2017; 114 (30) : E6034-E6043
  • 38 Das A, Watson J, Carnevale L. et al. Omega-3 Endocannabinoid-Epoxides Are Novel Anti-inflammatory and Anti-Pain Lipid Metabolites (FS15-01-19). Curr Dev Nutr. 2019 3. (S1)
  • 39 Watson JE, Kim JS, Das A. Emerging Class of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Endocannabinoids & Their Derivatives. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 143: 106337
  • 40 Djuric Z, Bassis CM, Plegue MA. et al. Increases in Colonic Bacterial Diversity after ω-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation Predict Decreased Colonic Prostaglandin E2 Concentrations in Healthy Adults. J Nutr 2019; 149 (07) : 1170-1179
  • 41 Gröber U. Kurzschluss im Nervensystem: Ausgewählte Umweltfaktoren und Mikronährstoffe bei Multiple Sklerose. OM – Zs f Orthomol Med 2019; 17: 1-10
  • 42 Hutchinson AN, Tingö L, Brummer RJ. The Potential Effects of Probiotics and Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation. Nutrients 2020; 12: 2402 ; DOI: doi:10.3390/nu12082402.