Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/a-1069-6630
Tuberculosis in a pet ferret (Mustela putorius furo)
Tuberkulose bei einem domestizierten Frettchen (Mustela putorius furo)![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/10.1055-s-00034911/202001/lookinside/thumbnails/10-1055-a-1069-6630-1.jpg)
Abstract
A 9-month old pet ferret was presented to a veterinarian with symptoms of weight loss, apathy, and hyporexia. Explorative laparotomy identified a firm mass of approximately 2 × 2 × 2 cm in size in the mesentery of the jejunum. Because of the poor general condition and the unfavorable prognosis, the ferret was euthanized during surgery. The mass was resected in total and submitted to histological examination which revealed a granulomatous and necrotizing lymphadenitis. Acid fast bacteria were detected by Fite-Faraco staining leading to the suspicion of an infection with Mycobacteria sp. PCR confirmed presence of DNA of members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, subsequently specified as M. bovis. The detected spoligotype SB2548 was described for the first time. Ferrets are presented to veterinarians with increasing frequency because of their growing popularity as pet animals. Since these animals are highly susceptible to mycobacterial infections, mycobacteriosis and especially zoonotic relevant tuberculosis should be considered as differential diagnosis.
Zusammenfassung
Ein 9 Monate altes Frettchen wurde aufgrund von Gewichtsverlust, Apathie und Hyporexie in einer Tierarztpraxis vorgestellt. Bei der explorativen Laparotomie zeigte sich im Jejunumgekröse eine Umfangsvermehrung von ca. 2 × 2 × 2 cm. Aufgrund seines schlechten Allgemeinzustands und der ungünstigen Prognose wurde das Tier euthanasiert. Die histologische Untersuchung der postmortal in toto resezierten Umfangsvermehrung ergab eine granulomatöse und nekrotisierende Entzündung unter Einbeziehung eines Lymphknotens. Durch Fite-Faraco-Färbung ließen sich säurefeste Stäbchen nachweisen, die zur Verdachtsdiagnose einer Mykobakteriose führten. Mittels PCR wurde DNS von Mitgliedern des Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Komplex, genau M. bovis, identifiziert. Der nachgewiesene Spoligotyp SB2548 konnte dabei erstmals dokumentiert werden. Frettchen gewinnen zunehmend auch als Haustier an Bedeutung und werden daher immer öfter bei Tierärzten vorgestellt. Da diese Tiere gegenüber Mykobakterien hoch empfänglich sind, sollten Mykobakteriosen, und hierbei v. a. auch die zoonotisch bedeutsame Tuberkulose, differenzialdiagnostisch in Betracht gezogen werden.
Key words
Pet animal - mycobacteriosis - Mycobacterium bovis - Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex - lymphadenitisSchlüsselwörter
Heimtier - Mykobakteriose - Mycobacterium bovis - Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Komplex - LymphadenitisPublication History
Received: 29 August 2019
Accepted: 06 November 2019
Article published online:
14 February 2020
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Stuttgart · New York
-
References
- 1 Emmanuel FX, Seagar AL, Doig C. et al. Human and animal infections with mycobacterium microti, Scotland. Emerg Infect Dis 2007; 13: 1924-1927 DOI: doi:10.3201/eid1312.061536.
- 2 Malone KM, Gordon SV. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Members Adapted to Wild and Domestic Animals. Adv Exp Med Biol 2017; 1019: 135-154 doi:10.1007/978–3-319–64371–7_7
- 3 Ewig S, Schaberg T, Rüsch-Gerdes S. et al. Tuberkulose und nichttuberkulöse Mykobakteriosen. Stuttgart: Thieme; 2016
- 4 Schultheiss PC, Dolginow SZ. Granulomatous Enteritis Caused by Mycobacterium-Avium in a Ferret. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1994; 204: 1217-1218
- 5 Valheim M, Djonne B, Heiene R. et al. Disseminated Mycobacterium celatum (type 3) infection in a domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo). Vet Pathol 2001; 38: 460-463 DOI: doi:10.1354/vp.38–4-460.
- 6 Dequeant B, Pascal Q, Bilbault H. et al. Identification of Mycobacterium genavense natural infection in a domestic ferret. J Vet Diagn Invest 2019; 31: 133-136 DOI: doi:10.1177/1040638718812137.
- 7 Lunn JA, Martin P, Zaki S. et al. Pneumonia due to Mycobacterium abscessus in two domestic ferrets (Mustelo putorius furo). Aust Vet J 2005; 83: 542-546 DOI: doi:10.1111/j.1751–0813.2005.tb13325.x.
- 8 Davendralingam N, Davagnanam I, Stidworthy MF. et al. Transmission of Mycobacterium xenopi to a pet albino ferret (Mustela putorius furo) from a domestic aquarium. Vet Rec 2017; 181 DOI: doi:10.1136/vr.104250.
- 9 Bezos J, Alvarez-Carrion B, Rodriguez-Bertos A. et al. Evidence of disseminated infection by Mycobacterium avium subspecies hominissuis in a pet ferret (Mustela putorius furo). Res Vet Sci 2016; 109: 52-55 DOI: doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2016.09.013.
- 10 de Lisle GW, Kawakami RP, Yates GF. et al. Isolation of Mycobacterium bovis and other mycobacterial species from ferrets and stoats. Vet Microbiol 2008; 132: 402-407 DOI: doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.05.022.
- 11 Fox JG. Biology and Diseases of the Ferret. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins; 1998
- 12 Lugton IW, Wobeser G, Morris RS. et al. Epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis infection in feral ferrets (Mustela furo) in New Zealand.1. Pathology and diagnosis. N Z Vet J 1997; 45: 140-150 DOI: doi:10.1080/00480169.1997.36014.
- 13 Byrom AE, Caley P, Paterson BM. et al. Feral ferrets (Mustela furo) as hosts and sentinels of tuberculosis in New Zealand. N Z Vet J 2015; 63: 42-53 DOI: doi:10.1080/00480169.2014.981314.
- 14 Wenker C, Christen C. Ferrets in veterinary practice. Schweiz Arch Tierheilkd 2002; 144: 575-584 doi:10.1024/0036–7281.144.11.575
- 15 McClure DE. Mycobacteriosis in the rabbit and rodent. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2012; 15: 85-99 vi. doi:10.1016/j.cvex.2011.11.002
- 16 Arrazuria R, Sevilla IA, Molina E. et al. Detection of Mycobacterium avium subspecies in the gut associated lymphoid tissue of slaughtered rabbits. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11 DOI: doi:10.1186/s12917–015–0445–2.
- 17 Klotz D, Barth SA, Baumgartner W. et al. Mycobacterium avium subsp hominissuis Infection in a Domestic Rabbit, Germany. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 24: 596-598 DOI: doi:10.3201/eid2403.171692.
- 18 Subbian S, O’Brien P, Kushner NL. et al. Molecular immunologic correlates of spontaneous latency in a rabbit model of pulmonary tuberculosis. Cell Commun Signal 2013; 11 DOI: doi:10.1186/1478–811x-11–16.
- 19 Sevilla IA, Arnal MC, Fuertes M. et al. Tuberculosis outbreak caused by Mycobacterium caprae in a rabbit farm in Spain. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2019 DOI: doi:10.1111/tbed.13366
- 20 Huynh M, Pingret JL, Nicolier A. Disseminated Mycobacterium genavense Infection in a Chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera). J Comp Pathol 2014; 151: 122-125 doi:10.1016/j.jcpa.2014.03.003
- 21 Barthel Y, Drews S, Fehr M. et al. Concurrent infection with Mycobacterium avium subsp hominissuis and Giardia duodenalis in a chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera f. dom.). Berl Munch Tierarztl Wschr 2016; 129: 242-246 DOI: doi:10.2376/0005–9366–129–15044.
- 22 Lugton IW, Wobeser G, Morris RS. et al. Epidemiology of Mycobacterium bovis infection in feral ferrets (Mustela furo) in New Zealand. 2. Routes of infection and excretion. N Z Vet J 1997; 45: 151-157 DOI: doi:10.1080/00480169.1997.36015.
- 23 Sen Gupta R, Hillemann D, Kubica T. et al. HOPE-fixation enables improved PCR-based detection and differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in paraffin-embedded tissues. Pathol Res Pract 2003; 199: 619-623 DOI: doi:10.1078/0344–0338–00470.
- 24 Hillemann D, Warren R, Kubica T. et al. Rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing genotype strains by real-time PCR. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44: 302-306 DOI: doi:10.1128/Jcm.44.2.302–306.2006.
- 25 Hillemann D, Warren R, Kubica T. et al. Rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing genotype strains by real-time PCR (vol 44, pg 302, 2006). J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44: 3472-3472 DOI: doi:10.1128/Jcm.01491–06.
- 26 Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut. Amtliche Methodensammlung: Anzeigepflichtige Tierseuchen. Greifswald – Insel Riems; 2017
- 27 Warren RM, Gey van Pittius NC, Barnard M. et al. Differentiation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex by PCR amplification of genomic regions of difference. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2006; 10: 818-822
- 28 Ruettger A, Nieter J, Skrypnyk A. et al. Rapid spoligotyping of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex bacteria by use of a microarray system with automatic data processing and assignment. J Clin Microbiol 2012; 50: 2492-2495 DOI: doi:10.1128/JCM.00442–12.
- 29 Smith NH, Upton P. Naming spoligotype patterns for the RD9-deleted lineage of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex; www.Mbovis.org. Infect Genet Evol 2012; 12: 873-876 doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2011.08.002
- 30 Ludwig E, Reischl U, Holzmann T. et al. Risk for Mycobacterium celatum Infection from Ferret. Emerg Infect Dis 2011; 17: 553-555 DOI: doi:10.3201/eid1703.100969.
- 31 Mentre V, Bulliot C. A Retrospective Study of 17 Cases of Mycobacteriosis in Domestic Ferrets (Mustela Putorius Furo) between 2005 and 2013. J Exot Pet Med 2015; 24: 340-349 doi:10.1053/j.jepm.2015.06.019
- 32 de Lisle GW, Crews K, de Zwart J. et al. Mycobacterium bovis infections in wild ferrets. N Z Vet J 1993; 41: 148-149 DOI: doi:10.1080/00480169.1993.35757.
- 33 Ragg JR, Waldrup KA, Moller H. The distribution of gross lesions of tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis in feral ferrets (Mustela furo) from Otago, New Zealand. N Z Vet J 1995; 43: 338-341 doi:10.1080/00480169./1995.35916
- 34 Pollock C. Mycobacterial infection in the ferret. Vet Clin North Am Exot Anim Pract 2012; 15: 121-129 vii. doi:10.1016/j.cvex.2011.09.002
- 35 EFSA and ECDC (European Food Safety Authority and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control). The European Union summary report on trends and sources of zoonoses, zoonotic agents and food-borne outbreaks in 2017. EFSA Journal 2018; 16: 262 doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5500
- 36 Moser I, Köhler H, Menge C. Die Tuberkulose des Rindes – überraschend wieder oder immer noch präsent?. Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe Grosstiere Nutztiere 2014; 42: 240-249
- 37 Lipiec M, Radulski L, Szulowski K. A case of bovine tuberculosis in pigs in Poland – a country free from the disease. Ann Agric Environ Med 2019; 26: 29-32 doi:10.26444/aaem/90979
- 38 Krajewska-Wedzina M, Kozinska M, Orlowska B. et al. Molecular characterisation of Mycobacterium caprae strains isolated in Poland. Vet Rec 2018; 182 DOI: doi:10.1136/vr.104363.
- 39 Hauer A, De Cruz K, Cochard T. et al. Genetic Evolution of Mycobacterium bovis Causing Tuberculosis in Livestock and Wildlife in France since 1978. Plos One 2015; 10 DOI: doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0117103.
- 40 [Anonym]. Tuberkulose-Verordnung in der Fassung der Bekanntmachung vom 12. Juli 2013 (BGBl. I S. 2445, 2014 I S. 47), zuletzt geändert durch Artikel 2 der Verordnung vom 17. Mai 2017 (BGBl. I S. 1253).
- 41 Alangaden GJ, Lerner SA. The clinical use of fluoroquinolones for the treatment of mycobacterial diseases. Clin Infect Dis 1997; 25: 1213-1221 doi:10.1086/516116
- 42 Busatto C, Vianna JS, da Silva LV. et al. Mycobacterium avium: an overview. Tuberculosis 2019; 114: 127-134 DOI: doi:10.1016/j.tube.2018.12.004.
- 43 Nakata M, Miwa Y, Tsuboi M. et al. Mycobacteriosis in a Domestic Ferret (Mustela putorius furo). J Vet Med Sci 2014; 76: 705-709 DOI: doi:10.1292/jvms.13–0521.
- 44 De Lorenzi G, Kamphuisen K, Biscontini G. et al. Mycobacterium genavense Infection in a Domestic Ferret (Mustela putorius furo). Top Companion Anim Med 2018; 33: 119-121 DOI: doi:10.1053/j.tcam.2018.10.001.
- 45 Piseddu E, Trotta M, Tortoli E. et al. Detection and Molecular Characterization of Mycobacterium celatum as a Cause of Splenitis in a Domestic Ferret (Mustela putorius furo). J Comp Pathol 2011; 144: 214-218 DOI: doi:10.1016/j.jcpa.2010.08.004.
- 46 Deutsche Veterinärmedizinische Gesellschaft e. V. (DVG). DVG-Desinfektionsmittelliste für den Tierhaltungsbereich. http://www.desinfektion-dvg.de/index.php?id=2150
- 47 [Anonym]. Liste der vom Robert Koch-Institut geprüften und anerkannten Desinfektionsmittel und -verfahren. Bundesgesundheitsblatt 2017; 60: 1274-1297 doi:10.1007/s00103–017–2634–6
- 48 [Anonym]. Verordnung über meldepflichtige Tierkrankheiten in der Fassung der Bekanntmachung vom 11. Februar 2011 (BGBl. I S. 252), zuletzt geändert durch Artikel 381 der Verordnung vom 31. August 2015 (BGBl. I S. 1474).