Int J Sports Med 2020; 41(04): 227-232
DOI: 10.1055/a-1068-9331
Training & Testing
© © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Effectiveness of Multi-activity, High-intensity Interval Training in School-aged Children

1   Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Sport Science, Halle (Saale), Germany
,
Eva Kircher
2   SRH Hochschule für Gesundheit Gera, Medical Education, Gera, Germany
,
Sebastian R. Ketelhut
3   Charit -Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute for Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Berlin, Germany
,
Emanuel Wehlan
4   Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Sport Sciences, Berlin, Germany
,
Kerstin Ketelhut
5   MSB Medical School Berlin, Natural Sciences, Berlin, Germany
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History



accepted 14 November 2019

Publication Date:
14 January 2020 (online)

Abstract

The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a school-based multi-activity HIIT on aerobic fitness (AF) and hemodynamic parameters in children. 46 students were randomized into an intervention group (INT) (N=22) and a control group (CON) (N=24). Throughout a 3-month intervention period, both INT and CON participated in the regular physical education classes (PE) twice a week. Only INT received an instructed HIIT during the first 20 min of the PE. In addition to an AF-test, peripheral (pBP) and central (cBP) blood pressure, augmentation pressure (AP), and aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) were assessed. Significant differences in intervention effects in favor of INT were detected for AF (7.73, P=0.007), peripheral systolic BP (−6.13 mmHg, P=0.038), central systolic BP (−5.19 mmHg, P = 0.041), AP (−2.02 mmHg, P=0.013), and aPWV (−0.19 m/sec, P=0.031). The regular HITT intervention showed beneficial effects on AF, BP, and parameters of vascular stiffness already in children.

 
  • References

  • 1 Schnohr P, Marott JL, Jensen JS. et al. Intensity versus duration of cycling, impact on all-cause and coronary heart disease mortality: The Copenhagen City Heart Study. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2012; 19: 73-80
  • 2 van de Laar RJ, Ferreira I, van Mechelen W. et al. Lifetime vigorous but not light-to-moderate habitual physical activity impacts favorably on carotid stiffness in young adults: The Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study. Hypertension 2010; 55: 33-39
  • 3 Carson V, Rinaldi RL, Torrance B. et al. Vigorous physical activity and longitudinal associations with cardiometabolic risk factors in youth. Int J Obes (Lond) 2014; 38: 16-21
  • 4 Gibala MJ, Little JP, MacDonald MJ. et al. Physiological adaptations to low-volume, high-intensity interval training in health and disease. J Physiol 2012; 590: 1077-1084
  • 5 Gibala MJ, McGee SL. Metabolic adaptations to short-term high-intensity interval training: A little pain for a lot of gain?. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2008; 36: 58-63
  • 6 Logan GR, Harris N, Duncan S. et al. A review of adolescent high-intensity interval training. Sports Med 2014; 44: 1071-1085
  • 7 Eddolls WTB, McNarry MA, Stratton G. et al. High-intensity interval training interventions in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Sports Med 2017; 47: 2363-2374
  • 8 da Costa BGG, da Silva KS, Malheiros LEA. et al. Are adolescents really being sedentary or inactive when at school? An analysis of sedentary behaviour and physical activity bouts. Eur J Pediatr 2018; 177: 1705-1710
  • 9 Kucerová J, Filipovsky J, Staessen JA. et al. Arterial characteristics in normotensive offspring of parents with or without a history of hypertension. Am J Hypertens 2006; 19: 264-269
  • 10 Kollias A, Lagou S, Zeniodi ME. et al. Association of central versus brachial blood pressure with target-organ damage: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Hypertension 2016; 67: 183-190
  • 11 Koebnick C, Black MH, Wu J. et al. The prevalence of primary pediatric prehypertension and hypertension in a real-world managed care system. J Clin Hypertens 2013; 15: 784-792
  • 12 Harriss DJ, Macsween A, Atkinson G. Standards for ethics in sport and exercise science research: 2020 update. Int J Sports Med 2019; 40: 813-817
  • 13 Woll A, Kurth BM, Opper E. et al. The ‘Motorik-Modul’ (MoMo): physical fitness and physical activity in German children and adolescents. Eur J Pediatr 2011; 170: 1129-1142
  • 14 Arvidsson D, Slinde F, Larsson S. et al. Energy cost of physical activities in children: validation of SenseWear Armband. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007; 39: 2076-2084
  • 15 Jekauc D, Wagner MO, Kahlert D. et al. Reliabilität und Validität des MoMo-Aktivitätsfragebogens für Jugendliche (MoMo-AFB). Diagnostica 2013; 59: 100-111
  • 16 Franssen PM, Imholz BP. Evaluation of the Mobil–O-Graph New Generation ABPM device using the ESH criteria. Blood Press Monit 2015; 15: 229-231
  • 17 Baulmann J, Schillings U, Rickert S. et al. A new oscillometric method for assessment of arterial stiffness: comparison with tonometric and piezo-electronic methods. J Hypertens 2008; 26: 523-528
  • 18 Kromeyer-Hauschild K, Wabitsch M, Kunze D. et al. Percentiles of body mass index in children and adolescents evaluated from different regional German studies. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 2001; 149: 807-818
  • 19 Neuhauser HK, Thamm M, Ellert U. et al. Blood pressure percentiles by age and height from nonoverweight children and adolescents in Germany. Pediatrics 2011; 127: e978-e988
  • 20 von Haaren B, Härtel S, Seidel I. et al. The validity of the 6-minute run and the 20m shuttle run for 9- to 11-year-old children [in German]. Dtsch Z Sportmed 2011; 62: 351-355
  • 21 Costigan SA, Eathera N, Plotnikoffa RC. et al. Preliminary efficacy and feasibility of embedding high intensity interval training into the school day: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Prev Med 2015; 2: 973-979
  • 22 Gutin B, Barbeau P, Owens S. et al. Effects of exercise intensity on cardiovascular fitness, total body composition, and visceral adiposity of obese adolescents. Am J Clin Nutr 2002; 75: 818-826
  • 23 Milatz F, Ketelhut S, Heise W. et al. Correlation between cardiorespiratory fitness and arterial compliance at rest and during a cold pressor test [in German]. J Kardiol 2016; 23: 14-19
  • 24 Farrell SW, Finley CE, Haskell WL. et al. Is there a gradient of mortality risk among men with low cardiorespiratory fitness?. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2015; 47: 1825-1832
  • 25 García-Hermoso A, Cerrillo-Urbina AJ, Herrera-Valenzuela T. et al. Is high-intensity interval training more effective on improving cardiometabolic risk and aerobic capacity than other forms of exercise in overweight and obese youth? A meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2016; 17: 531-540
  • 26 Bersenson GS, Sirinivasan SR, Weihang B. et al. Association between multiple cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis in children and young adults. N Engl J Med 1998; 338: 1650-1656
  • 27 Roman MJ, Devereux RB, Kizer JR. et al. Central pressure more strongly relates to vascular disease and outcome than does brachial pressure: the Strong Heart Study. Hypertens 2007; 50: 197-203
  • 28 Beck D, Martin J, Casey D. et al. Exercise training reduces peripheral arterial stiffness and myocardial oxygen demand in young prehypertensive subjects. Am J Hypertens 2013; 26: 1093-1102
  • 29 Vlachopoulos C, Aznaouridis K, Stefanadis C. Prediction of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality with arterial stiffness: A systematic review and met analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2010; 55: 1318-1327
  • 30 Sakuragi S, Abhayaratna K, Gravenmaker KJ. et al. Influence of adiposity and physical activity on arterial stiffness in healthy children: the lifestyle of our kids study. Hypertension 2009; 53: 611-616
  • 31 Ketelhut S, Ketelhut K, Hacke C. et al. Daily physical activity improves vascular function and motor skills in children. J Sports Sci 2017; 5: 78-88
  • 32 Wisløff U, Støylen A, Loennechen JP. et al. Superior cardiovascular effect of aerobic interval training versus moderate continuous training in heart failure patients: A randomized study. Circulation 2007; 115: 3086-3094
  • 33 Halliwill JR, Taylor JA, Eckberg DL. Impaired sympathetic vascular regulation in humans after acute dynamic exercise. J Physiol 1996; 495: 279-288
  • 34 Ketelhut SR, Ketelhut S, Riedel S. et al. Effects of moderate interval training on heart rate variability among primary school children. Dtsch Z Sportmed 2017; 68: 269-274
  • 35 Birat A, Bourdier P, Piponnier E. et al. Metabolic and fatigue profiles are comparable between prepubertal children and well-trained adult endurance athletes. Front Physiol 2018; 9: 387
  • 36 Falk B, Dotan R. Child-adult differences in the recovery from high-intensity exercise. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2006; 34: 107-112