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Nervenheilkunde 2019; 38(11): 828-840
DOI: 10.1055/a-0982-9317
Schwerpunkt
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Einfluss von Lebensstil auf kognitiven Abbau und Demenz

Übersicht zur Evidenzlage aus systematischen Reviews und MetaanalysenInfluence of lifestyle factors on cognitive decline and dementia
Francisca S. Rodriguez
1   Center for Cognitive Science, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern
2   Institut für Sozialmedizin, Arbeitsmedizin und Public Health, Universität Leipzig
3   Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE), Standort Rostock/Greifswald
,
Sabrina Ross∗
1   Center for Cognitive Science, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern
,
Jan Spilski∗
1   Center for Cognitive Science, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
04 November 2019 (online)

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ZUSAMMENFASSUNG

Zusammenfassung

Gegenstand und Ziel Da aktuell keine Wunderpille gegen Demenz in Sicht ist, bieten gerade nicht pharmakologische Interventionen vielversprechende Möglichkeiten in der Prävention und Versorgung. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, die Evidenzlage zum Einfluss des Lebensstils auf die kognitive Gesundheit im höheren Lebensalter zu eruieren.

Material und Methoden In der Datenbank ‚Pubmed‘ wurde nach systematischen Literaturübersichten und Metaanalysen zu kognitiven Aktivitäten, körperlicher Bewegung, sozialen Aktivitäten, Musik, Kunst, Meditation, Religion und Umgang mit Tieren gesucht.

Ergebnisse Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass kognitive, körperliche und soziale Aktivität zu besserer kognitiver Leistungsfähigkeit, selbst bei Personen mit Demenz, und geringerem Demenzrisiko führen können. Tanzen, Meditation, religiöse Aktivitäten und Kunst scheinen ebenso protektiv zu wirken. Die Evidenzlage zu Musik und Tiertherapie ist nicht aussagekräftig.

Schlussfolgerung Der Lebensstil kann ein wichtiger Behandlungsfaktor sein, der zur Stabilisierung der kognitiven Fähigkeiten beiträgt und schon frühzeitig als Prävention in die Behandlung einbezogen werden kann. Es empfiehlt sich dringend, Möglichkeiten zu eruieren, um dies zu ermöglichen.

ABSTRACT

Objective As dementia is currently not curable, we rely on factors that help to stabilize cognitive functioning and slow cognitive decline. Lifestyle seems to be such a factor. Aim of this paper was to study the evidence on the influence of lifestyle factors on cognitive decline and dementia.

Material and methods A systematic search in the database Pubmed was conducted to identify systematic literature reviews and meta-analyses on cognitive activities, physical activities and exercise, social activities and integration, music, arts, religion, meditation and animals.

Results Findings suggest that physical, cognitive, and social activities as well as dancing, meditation, religious activities and art-therapies are associated with a better cognitive functioning (even in people with dementia) and lower dementia risk. The evidence on music- and animal-therapy is not conclusive.

Conclusion Lifestyle can be an important determinant of cognitive health and therefore should be an essential part of the treatment plan. Studies and policy meetings are necessary to evaluate possibilities of realizing that.

Schlüsselwörter

Kognitiver Abbau - Demenzrisiko - Demenzerkrankung - Lebensstil - Review

Key words

Cognitive decline - dementia risk - Alzheimer’s and related disorders - lifestyle - review
 

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