Benigne Neoplasien der Orbita

Zusammenfassung

Die Vielfalt orbitaler Raumforderungen ist außerordentlich groß. Manche Entitäten sind sehr selten. Das häufigste Symptom ist der Exophthalmus, daneben können Bulbusdislokation, Strabismus, Schmerzen, Sehverschlechterung und Gesichtsfeldausfälle auftreten. Die Therapie der Wahl bei den meisten symptomatischen benignen Neoplasien der Orbita ist die chirurgische Resektion.

Abstract

Benign orbital neoplasms comprise a wide spectrum of different entities. The origin of the tumours can be epithelial or mesenchymal. Epithelial neoplasms of the orbit originate from the lacrimal gland. The most important tumour is the pleomorphic adenoma, which should not be biopsied but resected in toto. The most common intraconal neoplasm in adults is the cavernous hemangioma. Symptomatic cavernous hemangiomas should be treated. The treatment of choice for most symptomatic benign neoplasms of the orbit is surgical resection. Suitable surgical approaches are anterior transconjunctival and lateral orbitotomy. Cryoextraction is a minimally invasive technique that is particularly suitable for cavernous hemangiomas.

Kernaussagen

• Gutartige Neoplasien der Orbita umfassen ein großes Spektrum unterschiedlichster Entitäten. Der Ursprung der Geschwülste kann epithelialer oder mesenchymaler Art sein.

• Epitheliale Neubildungen der Orbita gehen von der Tränendrüse aus.

• Die wesentliche Raumforderung ist das pleomorphe Adenom, das nicht biopsiert werden sollte, sondern in toto reseziert werden muss.

• Die häufigste intrakonale Raumforderung bei Erwachsenen ist das kavernöse Hämangiom. Symptomatische kavernöse Hämangiome sollten behandelt werden.

• Die Therapie der Wahl bei den meisten symptomatischen benignen Neoplasien der Orbita ist die chirurgische Resektion. Geeignete Zugänge sind die anteriore, transkonjunktivale und laterale Orbitotomie. Einen minimalinvasiven Zugang, der besonders bei kavernösen Hämangiomen geeignet ist, liefert die Kryoextraktion.

Schlüsselwörter

gutartige Orbitaneoplasien - pleomorphes Adenom - orbitales Hämangiom - Dermoidzyste

Key words

orbital masses - pleomorphic adenoma - orbital hemangioma - dermoid cyst

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