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B&G Bewegungstherapie und Gesundheitssport 2019; 35(02): 66-78
DOI: 10.1055/a-0860-1576
Wissenschaft
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Hochintensives Intervalltraining in der Sporttherapie von übergewichtigen und adipösen Jugendlichen – ein Überblicksartikel

High-Intensity Interval Training in the sports therapy of overweight and obese adolescents: A review
Florian A. Engel
1   Institut für Sport und Sportwissenschaft, Arbeitsgruppe Bewegung und Training, Universität Heidelberg
,
Jannik Oestreich
1   Institut für Sport und Sportwissenschaft, Arbeitsgruppe Bewegung und Training, Universität Heidelberg
,
Lars Donath
2   Institut für Trainingswissenschaft und Sportinformatik, Abteilung Trainingswissenschaftliche Interventionsforschung, Deutsche Sporthochschule Köln
,
Philipp Kunz
3   Integrative & Experimentelle Trainingswissenschaft, Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Universität Würzburg
,
Billy Sperlich
3   Integrative & Experimentelle Trainingswissenschaft, Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Universität Würzburg
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Eingegangen: 29 November 2018

Angenommen durch Review: 15 February 2019

Publication Date:
09 April 2019 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund Hochintensives Intervalltraining (HIIT) wurde als zeiteffiziente Alternative zum traditionellen niedrigintensiven Ausdauertraining in der Bewegungstherapie von chronischen Erkrankungen identifiziert.

Ziel Analyse der Effekte von Trainingsinterventionen mit HIIT auf für Übergewicht relevante Parameter bei Jugendlichen.

Methoden Eine computerbasierte Literaturrecherche in der elektronischen Datenbank PubMed wurde 2017 durchgeführt. Kontrolliert-randomisierte „peer-reviewed“ Originalarbeiten, welche die Auswirkungen von HIIT Trainingsintervention auf die für Übergewicht relevanten Parameter (z. B. Körpergewicht, Körperzusammensetzung, kardiometabolische Risikofaktoren) bei übergewichtigen und adipösen Jugendlichen (11–18 Jahre) analysierten, wurden berücksichtigt.

Ergebnisse 12 Studien (567 Teilnehmer / innen, Alter: 14,8 ± 1,3 Jahre) wurden analysiert. Die Mehrzahl der Studien erzielte mittels HIIT eine signifikante und praktisch relevante Reduzierung von Körpermasse, Körperfettgehalt, Body Mass Index, eine Verbesserung der kardiorespiratorischen Fitness sowie eine Reduktion von spezifischen Risikofaktoren wie Homeostasis model assessement für Insulinresistenz (HOMA-IR), Cholesterin oder Blutdruck. Der Vergleich der durchschnittlichen zeitlichen Dauer einer Trainingseinheit ergibt eine unwesentlich kürzere Dauer von HIIT (35,7 ± 5,1 min) gegenüber den Trainingseinheiten in den Kontrollgruppen (37,5 ± 8,1 min).

Schlussfolgerungen Das Review macht deutlich, dass übergewichtige Jugendliche durch Trainingsinterventionen mit HIIT die Risikofaktoren für kardiovaskuläre und metabolische Erkrankungen signifikant reduzieren können. Die Integration von HIIT in die sportbasierte Behandlung von übergewichtigen Jugendlichen scheint eine effektive Methode zu sein, um gesundheitswirksame Anpassungen zu erzielen.

Summary

High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has recently been explored as a time-efficient alternative to traditional moderate-intensity continuous endurance training (MIT) in the treatment of chronic diseases. The analysis of randomized-controlled studies examines the effects of HIIT interventions on indicators of obesity (e. g. body weight, body composition, cardio-metabolic risk factors) and aerobic capacity, in overweight and obese adolescents (11–18 years). The study reveals that HIIT significantly decreases body mass, body composition or body mass index, increases cardiorespiratory fitness and reduces specific risk factors like homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), cholesterol or blood pressure.

Stichworte

Intensives Ausdauertraining - Kinder - Sporttherapie - kardiovaskuläre Risikofaktoren - Adipositas

Key words

Intensive endurance training - adolescents - children - cardio vascular risk factors - obesity
 

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