Download PDF
Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2020; 128(05): 347-349
DOI: 10.1055/a-0808-4269
Commentary
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Depression and Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy: Birds of a Feather, But When do They Flock Together?

Prashanth R.J. Vas
1   Diabetic Foot Clinic, King’s College Hospital, London, UK
,
Nikolaos Papanas
2   Diabetes Centre-Diabetic Foot Clinic, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
18 December 2018 (online)

Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

The association between diabetes and depression is well recognised. Similarly, diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a frequent complication of diabetes. Given the high prevalence of these conditions individually, it is hardly surprising they frequently interact, conferring additional morbidity and a higher mortality risk. Despite this, the specific clinical characteristics that underpin co-morbid depression and DPN remain unclear. Additionally, there is insufficient insight into causal pathways and temporal trends. High-quality epidemiological data is limited, but they suggest that these conditions may share certain common risk factors, although there are also distinct differences such as gender. Improved insights into the risk factors for the co-existence of DPN and depression may help towards improved screening for and treatment of these conditions.

 

  • References

  • 1 Pan A, Lucas M, Sun Q. et al. Bidirectional association between depression and type 2 diabetes mellitus in women. Arch Intern Med 2010; 170: 1884-1891
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Mezuk B, Eaton WW, Albrecht S. et al. Depression and type 2 diabetes over the lifespan: A meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 2008; 31: 2383-2390
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Demakakos P, Pierce MB, Hardy R. Depressive symptoms and risk of type 2 diabetes in a national sample of middle-aged and older adults: The English longitudinal study of aging. Diabetes Care 2010; 33: 792-797
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Golden SH, Lazo M, Carnethon M. et al. Examining a bidirectional association between depressive symptoms and diabetes. JAMA 2008; 299: 2751-2759
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Barnard KD, Skinner TC, Peveler R. The prevalence of co-morbid depression in adults with Type 1 diabetes: Systematic literature review. Diabet Med 2006; 23: 445-448
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Hood KK, Huestis S, Maher A. et al. Depressive symptoms in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes: Association with diabetes-specific characteristics. Diabetes Care 2006; 29: 1389-1391
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Petrak F, Baumeister H, Skinner TC. et al. Depression and diabetes: Treatment and health-care delivery. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2015; 3: 472-485
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Darwish L, Beroncal E, Sison MV. et al. Depression in people with type 2 diabetes: Current perspectives. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2018; 11: 333-343
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Snoek FJ, Bremmer MA, Hermanns N. Constructs of depression and distress in diabetes: Time for an appraisal. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2015; 3: 450-460
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Ciechanowski PS, Katon WJ, Russo JE. Depression and diabetes: Impact of depressive symptoms on adherence, function, and costs. Arch Intern Med 2000; 160: 3278-3285
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 McGrady ME, Laffel L, Drotar D. et al. Depressive symptoms and glycemic control in adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Mediational role of blood glucose monitoring. Diabetes Care 2009; 32: 804-806
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Cleal B, Panton U, Willaing I. et al. Diabetes and depression in Denmark 1996–2010: National data stratified by occupational status and annual income. Diabet Med 2017; 34: 108-114
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Peyrot M, Rubin RR. Levels and Risks of depression and anxiety symptomatology among diabetic adults. Diabetes Care 1997; 20: 585-590
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Holt RI, de Groot M, Golden SH. Diabetes and depression. Curr Diab Rep 2014; 14: 491
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Vas PR, Sharma S, Rayman G. Distal sensorimotor neuropathy: Improvements in diagnosis. Rev Diabet Stud 2015; 12: 29-47
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Maser RE, Mitchell BD, Vinik AI. et al. The association between cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and mortality in individuals with diabetes: A meta-analysis. Diabetes Care 2003; 26: 1895-1901
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Hsu WC, Chiu SYH, Yen AMF. et al. Somatic neuropathy is an independent predictor of all- and diabetes-related mortality in type 2 diabetic patients: A population-based 5-year follow-up study (KCIS No. 29). Eur J Neurol 2012; 19: 1192-1198
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Vas PR, Edmonds ME. Early recognition of diabetic peripheral neuropathy and the need for one-stop microvascular assessment. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2016; 4: 723-725
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Papanas N, Ziegler D. Risk factors and comorbidities in diabetic neuropathy: An update 2015. Rev Diabet Stud 2015; 12: 48-62
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Ziegler D, Keller J, Maier C. et al. Diabetic neuropathy. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2014; 122: 406-415
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Vileikyte L, Leventhal H, Gonzalez JS. et al. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy and depressive symptoms: The association revisited. Diabetes Care 2005; 28: 2378-2383
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 de Groot M, Anderson R, Freedland KE. et al. Association of depression and diabetes complications: A meta-analysis. Psychosom Med 2001; 63: 619-630
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Bai J-W, Lovblom LE, Cardinez M. et al. Neuropathy and presence of emotional distress and depression in longstanding diabetes: Results from the Canadian study of longevity in type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2017; 31: 1318-1324
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Iversen MM, Tell GS, Espehaug B. et al. Is depression a risk factor for diabetic foot ulcers? 11-years follow-up of the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT). J Diabetes Complications 2015; 29: 20-25
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Williams LH, Rutter CM, Katon WJ. et al. Depression and incident diabetic foot ulcers: A prospective cohort study. Am J Med 2010; 123: 748-754
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Ismail K, Winkley K, Stahl D. et al. A cohort study of people with diabetes and their first foot ulcer: The role of depression on mortality. Diabetes Care 2007; 30: 1473-1479
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Winkley K, Stahl D, Chalder T. et al. Risk factors associated with adverse outcomes in a population-based prospective cohort study of people with their first diabetic foot ulcer. J Diabetes Complications 2007; 21: 341-349
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Crews RT, Shen B-J, Campbell L. et al. Role and determinants of adherence to off-loading in diabetic foot ulcer healing: A prospective investigation. Diabetes Care 2016; 39: 1371-1377
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Zafeiri M, Tsioutis CKleinaki et al. Clinical characteristics of patients with co-existent diabetic peripheral neuropathy and depression: a systematic review. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2018 Sep 26. [Epub ahead of print]
    PubMed
  • 30 Sgoifo A, Carnevali L, Pico Alfonso Mde L. et al. Autonomic dysfunction and heart rate variability in depression. Stress 2015; 18: 343-352
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Bönhof GJ, Herder C, Strom A et al. Emerging biomarkers, tools, and treatments for diabetic polyneuropathy. Endocr Rev 2018 Sep 25. [Epub ahead of print]
    PubMed
  • 32 Little RJ, Rubin DB. Causal effects in clinical and epidemiological studies via potential outcomes: Concepts and analytical approaches. Annu Rev Public Health 2000; 21: 121-145
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 American Diabetes Association . Standards of medical care in diabetes—abridged for primary care providers. Clinical Diabetes 2018; 36: 14-37
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar