Ein Plädoyer für chronische Schmerzpatienten

Menschen mit chronischen Schmerzen wird oft mit Argwohn und Unverständnis begegnet. Die Patienten erscheinen mitunter behandlungsresistent, oder sie boykottieren physiotherapeutische Ratschläge. Wissenschaftliche Erkenntnisse über das komplexe Zusammenspiel von Nerven-, Immun- und Hormonsystem eröffnen jetzt neue Wege für die erfolgreiche Therapie chronischer Schmerzpatienten. Fazit: Wer unter chronischen Schmerzen leidet, muss zum Experten seiner Schmerzen werden – nur so steigt seine Chance, im Leben aktiv und handlungsfähig zu bleiben.

• Literatur

• 1 Antonovsky A. Unravelling the mystery of health: how people manage stress. Jossey-Bass; 1988
• 2 Arber A. Is pain what the patient says it is?. Int J Palliat Nurs 2004; 10 (10) 491-496 doi:10.12968/ijpn.2004.10.10.16214
• 3 Balaguè F, Mannion AF, Pellisé F. et al. Non-specific low back pain. Lancet 2012; 379(9814): 482-491 doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60610-7
• 4 Balschun D, Wetzel W, Del Rey A. et al. Interleukin-6: a cytokine to forget. FASEB J 2004; 18 (14) 1788-1790 doi:10.1096/fj.04-1625fje
• 5 Brinjikji W, Luetmer PH, Comstock B. et al. Systematic literature review of imaging features of spinal generation in asymptomatic populations. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2015; 36 (04) 811-816 doi:10.3174/ajnr.A4173
• 6 Brodal P. A neurobiologistʼs attempt to understand persistent pain. Scand J Pain 2017; 15: 140-147 doi:10.1016/j.sjpain.2017.03.001
• 7 Bunzli S, Watkins R, Smith A. et al. Lives on Hold – A Qualitative Synthesis Exploring the Experience of Chronic Low-back Pain. Clin J Pain 2013; 29 (10) 907-916 doi:10.1097/AJP.0b013e31827a6dd8
• 8 Buchbinder R, van Tulder M, Öberg B. et al. Low back pain: a call for action. Lancet 20.03.2018; DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30488-4. Low back pain: a call for action. Lancet 2018 Mar 20
• 9 Carr DB und Bradshaw YS. Time to flip the pain curriculum?. Anesthesiology 2014; 120 (01) 12-14 doi:10.1097/ALN.0000000000000054
• 10 Carr DB. What does pain hurt?. IASP Pain Clinical Updates 2009; XVII (03) 1-6
• 11 De Ruddere L, Craig KD. Understanding stigma and chronic pain: a state-of-the-art review. Pain 2016; 157 (08) 1607-1610 doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000512
• 12 Dick BD, Rashiq S. Disruption of attention and working memory traces in individuals with chronic pain. Anesth Analg 2007; 104 (05) 1223-1229 doi:10.1213/01.ane.0000263280.49786.f5
• 13 Edwards RR, Kronfli T, Haythornthwaite JA. et al. Association of catastrophising with interleukin-6 responses to acute pain. Pain 2008; 140 (01) 135-144 doi:10.1016/j.pain.2008.07.024
• 14 Egan M, Seeger D, Schöps P. Physiotherapie und physikalische Therapie in der Schmerzmedizin. Schmerz 2015; 29: 562-568
• 15 Elias N. Engagement und Distanzierung (Arbeiten zur Wissenssoziologie). 2. Auflage.. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp; 1987
• 16 Flor H. Pain has an element of blank- a biobehavioral approach to chronicity. Pain 2017; 158 Suppl 1: S92-S96 doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000850
• 17 Flor H. Psychological pain interventions and neurophysiology. Am Psychol 2014; 69 (02) 188-196 doi:10.1037/a0035254
• 18 Giummarra MJ, Baker KS, Ioannou L. et al. Associations between compensable injury, perceived fault and pain and disability 1 year after injury: a registry-based Australian cohort study. BMJ Open 2017; 7 (10) e017350 doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017350
• 19 Glenton C. Chronic back pain sufferers – striving for the sick role. Soc Sci Med 2003; 57: 2243-2252
• 20 Godbout J, Glaser P. Stress-Induced Immune Dysregulation: Implications for Wound Healing, Infectious Disease and Cancer. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2006; 1 (04) 421-427 doi:10.1007/s11481-006-9036-0
• 21 Goshen I, Kreisel T, Ounallah-Saad H. et al. A dual role for interleukin-1 in hippocampal-dependent memory processes. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2007; 32: 1106-1115 doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2007.09.004
• 22 Grady D, Redberg RF. Less Is More. How Less Health Care Can Result in Better Health. Arch Intern Med 2010; 170 (09) 749-750 doi:10.1001/archinternmed.2010.90
• 23 Greitens E. Navy SEAL Resilienz: Werden Sie mental stark wie ein Elitesoldat und finden und finden Sie den Weg aus jeder Krise. München: Riva Verlag; 2016
• 24 Hartvigsen J, Hancock MJ, Kongsted A. et al. What low back pain is and why we need to pay attention. Lancet 2018; DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30480-X.
• 25 Hayward R. VOMIT (victims of modern imaging technology) – an acronym for our times. BMJ 2003; 326(7401): 1273
• 26 Hebb DO. The organization of behavior: a neuropsychological theory. New York: Wiley; 1949
• 27 Jackson J. Chronic pain and the tension between the body as subject and object. In: Csordas TJ, Hrsg. Embodiment and Experience. Cambridge University Press 1994; Cambridge: 201-228
• 28 Ji RR, Chamessian A. et al. Zhang YQ Ji. Pain regulation by non-neuronal cells and inflammation. Science 2016; 354(6312): 572-577 doi:10.1126/science.aaf8924
• 29 Jordan JL, Holden MA, Mason EE. et al. Interventions to improve adherence to exercise for chronic musculoskeletal pain in adults. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010; (01) CD005956 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005956.pub2.
• 30 Kendall NA, Linton SJ, Main CJ. New Zealand acute low back pain guide. Incorporating the guide to assessing psychosocial yellow flags in acute low back pain. 1997;. Im Internet: http://www.healthnavigator.org.nz/media/1006/nz-acute-low-back-pain-guide-acc.pdf Stand: 13.04.2018
• 31 Keßler W. et al. Der Nervus vagus als Schnittstelle zwischen Nervensystem und Immunsystem in der Sepsis. In Saeger HD, Jauch KW, Bauer H, Hrsg. Chirurgisches Forum, 2006; Deutsche Gesellschaft für Chirurgie, 35. Berlin: Springer-Verlag; 2006
• 32 Kurzban R, Leary MR. Evolutionary origins or stigmatization: the functions of social exclusion. Psychol Bull 2001; 127: 187-208
• 33 Laekeman M. Schmerzedukation: Wichtige Aspekte für die Therapie. PT-Zeitschrift für Physiotherapeuten 2018; Januar: 46-49
• 34 Louw A, Zimney K, Puentedura EJ. et al. The efficacy of pain neuroscience education on musculoskeletal pain: A systematic review of the literature. Physiother Theory Pract 2016; 32 (05) 332-355 doi:10.1080/09593985.2016.1194646
• 35 Louw A. Podolak J: Pain Management: Meet You in the Middle. Rehab Management, 2017;. Im Internet: http://www.rehabpub.com/2017/11/meet-middle Stand: 13.04.2018
• 36 Luomajoki H, Schesser R. Schmerzmechanismen und Clinical Reasoning. Schmerzpatient 2018; 1 (01) 7-18 doi:10.1055/s-0043-122097
• 37 Maier SF, Seligman ME. Learned Helplessness at Fifty: Insights From Neuroscience. Psychol Rev 2016; 123 (04) 349-367 doi:10.1037/rev0000033
• 38 McCaffery M. Nursing Practice Theories Related to Cognition, Bodily Pain, and Man-Environment Interactions. Los Angeles: University of California at LA Students Store; 1968
• 39 Moseley GL, Butler D. Explain Pain Supercharged. Adelaide: NOIpress; 2017
• 40 Moseley GL, Butler D. Explain Pain Handbook: Protectometer. Adelaide: NOIpress; 2015
• 41 Nationale Versorgungs-Leitlinien (NVL), . Nicht-spezifischer Kreuzschmerz. 2. Auflage 2017 Im Internet: https://www.leitlinien.de/mdb/downloads/nvl/kreuzschmerz/kreuzschmerz-2aufl-vers1-kurz.pdf Stand: 03.04.2018
• 42 Nicholas MK, Linton SJ, Watson PJ. et al. Early identification and management of psychological risk factors (“yellow flags”) in patients with low back pain: a reappraisal. Phys Ther 2011; 91: 737-753 doi:10.2522/ptj.20100224
• 43 Nijs J, Lluch Girbés E, Lundberg M. et al. Exercise Therapy for Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain: Innovation by Altering Pain Memories. Man Ther 2015; 20 (01) 216-220 doi:10.1016/j.math.2014.07.004
• 44 Nijs J, Roussel N, van Wilgen CP. et al. Thinking beyond muscles and joints: Therapistsʼ and patientsʼ attitudes and beliefs regarding chronic musculoskeletal pain are key to applying effective treatment. Man Ther 2013; 18 (02) 96-102 doi:10.1016/j.math.2012.11.001
• 45 Oostendorp RA, Elvers H, Mikolajewska E. et al. Clinical biopsychosocial physiotherapy assessment of patients with back or neck pain in clinical practice. Physiother Theory Pract 2017; 33 (03) 260-262 doi:10.1080/09593985.2017.1290172
• 46 Putera I. Redefining Health: Implication for Value-Based Healthcare Reform. Cureus 2017; 9 (03) e1067 doi:10.7759/cureus.1067
• 47 Sandkühler J. Translating synaptic plasticity into sensation. Brain 2015; 138 (09) 2463-2464 doi:10.1093/brain/awv108
• 48 Schaeffer D, Vogt D, Berens EM. et al. Gesundheitskompetenz der Bevölkerung in Deutschland 2016 – Ergebnisbericht. Bielefeld: Universität Bielefeld;
• 49 Schaible HG. Nociceptive neurons detect cytokines in arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 16 (05) 470-479
• 50 Song C, Phillips AG, Leonard B. Interleukin-1 beta enhances conditioned fear memory in rats: possible involvement of glucocorticocoids. Eur J Neurosci 2003; 18: 379-389
• 51 Steglitz J, Buscemi J, Ferguson MJ. The future of pain research, education and treatment: a summary of the IOM report ‘Relieving pain in America’. Transl Behav Med 2012; 2 (01) 6-8 doi:10.1007/s13142-012-0110-2
• 52 Sullivan MJL, Scott W, Trost Z. Perceived injustice: a risk factor for problematic pain outcomes. Clin J Pain 2012; 28 (06) 484-488 doi:10.1097/AJP.0b013e3182527d13
• 53 Synnott A, OʼKeeffe M, Bunzli S. et al. Physiotherapists may stigmatise or feel unprepared to treat people with low back pain and psychosocial factors that influence recovery: A systematic review. J Physiother 2015; 61 (02) 68-76 doi:10.1016/j.jphys.2015.02.016
• 54 Tracey KJ. Reflex control of immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2009; 9 (06) 418-428 doi:10.1038/nri2566
• 55 Treede RD, Rief W, Barke A. et al. A classification of chronic pain for ICD-11. Pain 2015; 156 (06) 1003-1007 doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000160
• 56 Uçeyler N, Valenza R, Stock M. et al. Reduced levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines in patients with chronic widespread pain. Arthritis Rheuma 2006; 54: 2656-2664 doi:10.1002/art.22026
• 57 Vlaeyen JWS, Crombez G. Fear of movement/(re)injury, avoidance and pain disability in chronic low back pain patients. Manual therapy 1999; 4 (04) 187-195 doi:10.1054/math.1999.0199
• 58 Watt-Watson J, Hogans BB. Current Status of Pain Education and Implementation Challenges. IASP Global year against Pain, 2018. Fact Sheet No. 2. Im Internet: http://www.iasp-pain.org/globalyear Stand: 13.04.2018
• 59 Wijma AJ, van Wilgen CP, Meeus M. et al. Clinical biopsychosocial physiotherapy assessment of patients with chronic pain: The first step in pain neuroscience education. Physiother Theory Pract 2016; 32 (05) 368-384 doi:10.1080/09593985.2016.1194651
• 60 Webster BS, Cifuentes M. Relationship of early magnetic resonance imaging for work-related acute low back pain with disability and medical utilization outcomes. J Occup Environ Med 2010; 52 (09) 900-907 doi:10.1097/JOM.0b013e3181ef7e53
• 61 Zusman M. Belief reinforcement: one reason why costs for low back pain have not decreased. J Multidiscip Healthc 2013; 6: 197-204 doi:10.2147/JMDH.S44117