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CC BY-NC 4.0 · Arch Plast Surg 2021; 48(03): 336-337
DOI: 10.5999/aps.2020.02096
Extremity/Lymphedema
Image

Independent finger-mounted device for vein visualization

Elijah Zhengyang Cai 
Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore
,
Raymond Sui Ming Hon 
Division of Industrial Design, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Keio-NUS CUTE Center, National University of Singapore, Singapore
,
Wai Tung Chow 
Keio-NUS CUTE Center, National University of Singapore, Singapore
,
Ching-Chiuan Yen 
Division of Industrial Design, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Keio-NUS CUTE Center, National University of Singapore, Singapore
,
Thiam Chye Lim 
Division of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore
Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
› Author AffiliationsThis research was supported by the National Research Foundation, Singapore under its International Research Centres in the Singapore Funding Initiative and was supported by the National University Health System Clinician Scientist Program–Residency Grant Award 2017.
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Vein visualization during the harvest of vein grafts, flap elevation, and lymphovenous anastomosis formation can be made more efficient with the aid of a vein visualizer. We developed an independent finger-mounted device (IFMD) based on the concept of transillumination using pen-torches, as we have previously described [[1]]. This study was approved by our institutional review board. Transillumination works based on the differential light absorption of hemoglobin. Veins appear as silhouettes among adjacent tissues. Commercial transillumination devices are expensive, provide a limited visualization field, and do not allow effective illumination of surfaces with undulating contours due to their rigid framework [[2]]. Although near-infrared vein visualizers are effective, they are expensive and bulky [[3]]. The IFMD was developed with the aim of providing plastic surgeons with an inexpensive pocket-sized tool to assist in vein visualization.

IFMD devices are mounted on the thumb and index finger and are swept across the region of interest to assess the superficial venous system ([Fig. 1]). Individual light sources constructed out of flexible silicone mounted on the fingers function comfortably as a natural extension of the user’s fingers. The device measures only 3×2 cm. The independent light sources are multidirectional and easily manipulated in three-dimensional space, catering to variations in contour and skin thickness. Light sources are directed to emerge beneath the veins, forming prominent silhouettes. Veins are identified in real time. The visualization field is increased by increasing the number of devices mounted ([Fig. 2]). The IFDM is cheap and easy to manufacture. It can be made easily accessible in resource-poor regions. Commercial vein visualizers are more expensive by up to a factor of 10 to 100.

Zoom Image
Fig. 1. The independent finger-mounted device. (A) Individual light sources conform to the contours of the forearm, channeling light for optimal vein visualization. (B) Vein over the forearm with branch points, visualized with two finger-mounted devices.
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Fig. 2. Additional application of the independent finger-mounted device. (A) Devices mounted on all digits to expand the field of visualization, an additional benefit of independent finger-mounted light sources. (B) Varicose veins visualized.

NOTES

Ethical approval

The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of National Healthcare Group, Singapore (IRB No. NHG ROAM DSRB 2018/01266) and performed in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.


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Patient consent

The patients provided written informed consent for the publication and the use of their images.


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Author contribution

Conceptualization, formal analysis, methodology, project administration, and visualization: EZ Cai, RS Hon, WT Chow, CC Yen, TC Lim. Data curation: EZ Cai, TC Lim. Funding acquisition: EZ Cai, TC Lim. Writing - original draft: EZ Cai, RS Hon, WT Chow, CC Yen, TC Lim. Writing - review & editing: EZ Cai, RS Hon, WT Chow, CC Yen, TC Lim.


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The authors hold patent rights to the device described in the study–Patent Cooperation Treaty (International application No. PCT/SG2019/050484).


This article was presented at the Asia Pacific Medical Education Conference 2020, on January 8-12, 2020, in Singapore.


We would like to thank Mr. Lau Jo-Hanan (Keio-NUS CUTE Center, National University of Singapore, Singapore) for his effort in assisting with the process of prototyping.




Publication History

Received: 26 October 2020

Accepted: 24 February 2021

Article published online:
21 March 2022

© 2021. The Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial License, permitting unrestricted noncommercial use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)

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