Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2004; 6(6): 708-714
DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-830385
Research Paper

Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart KG · New York

Rejuvenation of Ageing Bean Leaves under the Effect of Low-Dose Stressors

P. Nyitrai1 , K. Bóka2 , L. Gáspár1 , É. Sárvári1 , Á. Keresztes2
  • 1Department of Plant Physiology, Eötvös University, 1518, Budapest, P.O.B. 120, Hungary
  • 2Department of Plant Anatomy, Eötvös University, 1518, Budapest, P.O.B. 120, Hungary
Weitere Informationen

Publikationsverlauf

Received: March 19, 2004

Accepted: September 10, 2004

Publikationsdatum:
29. November 2004 (online)

Abstract

The effect of low concentrations of some stress-inducing compounds like Cd, Pb, Ni, and Ti salts and DCMU on the senescence of chloroplasts was investigated in detached primary leaves of bean. After the petioles of ageing leaves had developed roots, these low-dose stressors stimulated chlorophyll synthesis and photosynthetic activity, as compared to the control, thus causing rejuvenation in treated leaves. The amount of photosystem I (lowest in DCMU-treated leaves) and light-harvesting complex II increased, while that of photosystem II decreased or remained unchanged. Fluorescence induction parameters indicated unchanged electron transport (except for DCMU treatment). CO2 fixation and, in some cases, starch accumulation was stimulated. In parallel, the occurrence of large plastoglobuli seemed to decrease in plastids of heavy metal-treated leaves. A cytokinin bioassay of leaf extracts confirmed the cytokinin-mediated effect of low-dose stressors, as the slopes of Chl and cytokinin curves were similar during the rejuvenation process. It is assumed that these stressors generate non-specific alarm reactions, which involve changes in the hormonal balance by increasing the synthesis of cytokinins.

References

  • 1 Appenroth K. J., Keresztes Á., Sárvári É., Jaglarz A., Fischer W.. Multiple effects of chromate on Spirodela polyrhiza: Electron microscopy and biochemical investigations.  Plant Biology. (2003);  5 315-323
  • 2 Barceló J., Poschenrieder C., Andreu I., Gunsè B.. Cadmium induced decrease of water stress resistance in bush bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Contender). I. Effects of Cd on water potential, relative water content and cell wall elasticity.  Journal of Plant Physiology. (1986);  125 17-25
  • 3 Barceló J., Vázquez M. D., Poschenrieder C.. Structural and ultrastructural disorders in cadmium-treated bush bean plants (Phaseolus vulgaris L.).  New Phytology. (1988);  108 37-49
  • 4 Beaumont G., Lord A., Gremier G.. Effects physiologiques de l'atrazine à doses subletales sur Lemna minor. V. Influence sur l'ultrastructure des chloroplastes.  Canadian Journal of Botany. (1980);  58 1571-1577
  • 5 Biddington N. L., Thomas T. H.. A modified Amaranthus betacyanin bioassay for the rapid determination of cytokinins in plant extracts.  Planta. (1973);  111 183-186
  • 6 Dolezal K., Astot C., Hanus J., Holub J., Peters W., Beck E., Strnad M., Sandberg G.. Identification of aromatic cytokinins in suspension cultured photoautotrophic cells of Chenopodium rubrum by capillary liquid chromatography/frit-fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry.  Plant Growth Regulation. (2002);  36 80-88
  • 7 Dyer T. A., Osborne D. J.. Leaf nucleic acids. II. Metabolism during senescence and the effect of kinetin.  Journal of Experimental Botany. (1971);  22 552-560
  • 8 Ernst W. H. O., Verkleij J. A. C., Schat H.. Metal tolerance in plants.  Acta Boanica Neerlandica. (1992);  41 229-248
  • 9 Featonby-Smith B. C., van Staden J.. Endogenous cytokinins and rooting of leaf cuttings of Phaseolus vulgaris L.  Zeitschrift für Planzenphysiologie. (1981);  102 329-335
  • 10 Flores S., Tobin E.. Benzyladenine modulation of the expression of two genes for nuclear-encoded chloroplast proteins in Lemna gibba: apparent post-transcriptional regulation.  Planta. (1986);  168 340-349
  • 11 Fodor F., Cseh E., Varga A., Záray Gy.. Lead uptake, distribution, and remobilization in cucumber.  Journal of Plant Nutrition. (1998);  21 1363-1373
  • 12 Franco E., Alessandrelli S., Masojídek J., Margonelli A., Giardi M. T.. Modulation of D1 protein turnover under cadmium and heat stresses monitored by [35S]methionine incorporation.  Plant Science. (1999);  144 53-61
  • 13 Freeman B. A., Platt-Aloia K., Mudd J. B., Thomson W. W.. Ultrastructural and lipid changes associated with the aging of Citrus leaves.  Protoplasma. (1978);  94 221-233
  • 14 Gabbrielli R., Pandolfini T., Espen L., Palandri M. R.. Growth, peroxidase activity and cytological modifications in Pisum sativum seedlings exposed to Ni2+ toxicity.  Journal of Plant Physiology. (1999);  155 639-645
  • 15 Golding A. J., Johnson G. N.. Down-regulation of linear and activation of cyclic electron transport during drought.  Planta. (2003);  218 107-114
  • 16 Gregory R. P. G., Bradshaw A. D.. Heavy metal tolerance in populations of Agrostis tenuis sibth. and other grasses.  New Phytology. (1965);  64 131-143
  • 17 Heber U.. Irrungen, Wirrungen? The Mehler reaction in relation to cyclic electron transport in C3 plants.  Photosynthesis Research. (2002);  73 223-231
  • 18 Hudák J.. Plastid senescence. 1. Changes of chloroplast structure during natural senescence in cotyledons of Sinapis alba L.  Photosynthetica. (1981);  15 174-178
  • 19 Hutchinson C. E., Kieber J. J.. Cytokinin signalling in Arabidopsis.  Plant Cell Supplement. (2002);  S47-S59
  • 20 Kahle K.. Response of roots of trees to heavy metals.  Environmental and Experimental Botany. (1993);  33 99-119
  • 21 Kaminek M.. Progress in cytokinin research.  Trends in Biotechnology. (1992);  10 159-164
  • 22 Karavaev V. A., Baulin A. M., Gordienko T. V., Dovyd'kov S. A., Tikhon A. N.. Changes in the photosynthetic apparatus of broad bean leaves as dependent on the content of heavy metals in the growth medium.  Russian Journal of Plant Physiology. (2001);  48 38-44
  • 23 Keresztes Á., Cseh E., Papp K., Kovács E.. Chloroplast rejuvenation in different experimental systems.  Journal of Computer-Assisted Microscopy. (1996);  8 237-238
  • 24 Krupa Z., Baszyński T.. Some aspects of heavy metal toxicity towards photosynthetic apparatus - direct and indirect effects on light and dark reactions.  Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. (1995);  17 177-190
  • 25 Krupa Z., Öqvist G., Huner N.. The effect of cadmium on photosynthesis of Phaseolus vulgaris - a fluorescence analysis.  Physiologia Plantarum. (1993);  88 626-630
  • 26 Kubota S., Imamura H., Hisamatsu T., Koshioka M.. An enhanced Amaranthus betacyanin bioassay for detection of cytokinins.  Journal of Plant Physiology. (1999);  155 133-135
  • 27 Laemmli U. K.. Cleavage of structural proteins during assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4.  Nature. (1970);  227 680-685
  • 28 Láng F., Sárvári É., Szigeti Z.. Apparatus and method for rapid determination of photosynthetic CO2 fixation of leaves.  Biochemie und Physiologie der Pflanzen. (1985);  180 333-336
  • 29 Lerbs S., Lerbs W., Klyachko N. L., Romanko E. G., Kulaeva O. N., Wollgienh R., Parthier B.. Gene expression in cytokinin- and light-mediated plastogenesis of Cucurbita cotyledons: ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase.  Planta. (1984);  162 289-298
  • 30 Letham D. S.. Cytokinins as phytohormones - sites of biosynthesis, translocation and function of translocated cytokinin. Mok, D. W. S. and Mok, M. S., eds. Cytokinins: Chemistry, Activity and Function. Boca Raton, FL; CRC Press (1994): 57-80
  • 31 Lichtenthaler H. K.. Die Plastoglobuli von Spinat, ihre Größe und Zusammensetzung während der Chloroplastendegeneration.  Protoplasma. (1969);  68 315-326
  • 32 Ljubešić N.. Feinbau der Chloroplasten während der Vergilbung und Wiederergrünung der Blätter.  Protoplasma. (1968);  66 369-379
  • 33 Lough T. J., Jameson P. E.. Comparative effects of four naturally-occuring cytokinins in the Amaranthus bioassay.  Journal of Plant Physiology. (1990);  136 638-640
  • 34 Mishra D., Kar M.. Effect of benzimidazole and nickel ions in the control of Oryza sativa leaf senescence by red and far-red light.  Phytochemistry. (1973);  12 1521-1522
  • 35 Miyake H., Matsumura H., Fujinuma Y., Totsuka T.. Effects of low concentrations of ozone on the fine structure of radish leaves.  New Phytology. (1989);  111 187-195
  • 36 Mysliwa-Kurdziel B., Prasad M. N. V., Strzalka K.. Heavy metal influence on the light phase of photosynthesis. Prasad, M. N. V. and Strzalka, K., eds. Physiology and Biochemistry of Metal Toxicity and Tolerance in Plants. Dordrecht, Boston, London; Kluwer Academic Publishers (2002): 229-255
  • 37 Niyogi K. K.. Safety valves for photosynthesis.  Current Opinion in Plant Biology. (2000);  3 455-460
  • 38 Nyitrai P.. Development of functional thylakoid membranes: Regulation by light and hormones. Pessarakli, M., ed. Handbook of Photosynthesis. New York, Basel, Hong Kong; Marcer Dekker Inc. (1996): 391-406
  • 39 Nyitrai P., Bóka K., Gáspár L., Sárvári É., Lenti K., Keresztes Á.. Characterization of the stimulating effect of low-dose stressors in maize and bean seedlings.  Journal of Plant Physiology. (2003);  160 1175-1183
  • 40 Nyitrai P., Sárvári É., Keresztes Á., Láng F.. Organization of thylakoid membranes in low light grown maize seedlings. Effect of lincomycin treatment.  Journal of Plant Physiology. (1994);  144 370-375
  • 41 Parthier B.. Hormone-induced alterations in plant gene expression.  Biochemie und Physiologie der Pflanzen. (1989);  185 289-314
  • 42 Porra R. J., Thomson W. A., Kriedemann P. E.. Determination of accurate extinction coefficient and simultaneous equations for essaying chlorophyll a and b extracted with four different solvents: verification of the concentration of chlorophyll standards by atomic absorption spectroscopy.  Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. (1989);  975 384-394
  • 43 Prasad M. N. V., Malec P., Waloszek A., Bojko M., Strzałka K.. Physiological responses of Lemna trisulca L. (duckweed) to cadmium and copper bioaccumulation.  Plant Science. (2001);  161 881-889
  • 44 Richmond A. E., Lang A.. Effect of kinetin on protein content and survival of detached Xanthium leaves.  Science. (1957);  125 650-651
  • 45 Sárvári É., Nyitrai P.. Separation of chlorophyll-protein complexes by Deriphat polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis.  Electrophoresis. (1994);  15 1068-1071
  • 46 Siedlecka A. A., Krupa Z.. Interaction between cadmium and iron. Accumulation and distribution of metals and changes in growth parameters of Phaseolus vulgaris L. seedlings.  Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae. (1996);  65 277-282
  • 47 Singh S., Letham D. S., Palmi L. M. S.. Effect of growth substances and mineral nutrients on cytokinin levels and senescence of tobacco (Nicotiana rustica) leaves. Karssen, C. M., van Loon, L. C., and Vreugdenhil, D., eds. Progress in Plant Growth Regulation. Dordrecht; Kluwer Academic Publishers (1992): 628-634
  • 48 Smart C. M., Scofield S. R., Bevan M. W., Dyer T. A.. Delayed leaf senescence in tobacco plants transformed with tmr, a gene for cytokinin production in Agrobacterium. .  Plant Cell. (1991);  3 647-656
  • 49 Van Staden J., Cook E. L., Noodén L. D.. Cytokinins and senescence. Noodén, L. D. and Leopold, A. C., eds. Senescence and Aging in Plants. San Diego; Academic Press (1988): 281-328
  • 50 Van Assche F., Clijsters H.. Effects of metals on enzyme activity in plants.  Plant, Cell and Environment. (1990);  13 195-206
  • 51 Wessels J. S. C., van der Veen R.. The action of some derivatives of phenylurethan and of 3-phenyl-1,1-dimethylurea on the Hill reaction.  Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. (1956);  19 548-549
  • 52 Wójcik M., Tukendorf A.. Cd-tolerance of maize, rye and wheat seedlings.  Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. (1999);  21 99-107
  • 53 Wrischer M. L., Ljubešić N., Devidé Z.. Transformation of plastids in the leaf of Acer negundo L. var. odessanum (Rothe).  Journal of Cell Science. (1975);  18 509-518
  • 54 Zatykó J.. Effect of low concentration colchicine on the cytokinin content of pinto bean leaves.  Naturwissenschaften. (1973);  60 105-106
  • 55 Zavaleta-Mancera H. A., Thomas B. J., Thomas H., Scott I. M.. Regreening of senescent Nicotiana leaves. II. Redifferentiation of plastids.  Journal of Experimental Botany. (1999);  50 1683-1689

P. Nyitrai

P.O.B. 120

1518, Budapest

Hungary

eMail: pnyiti@ludens.elte.hu

Editor: M. Riederer