Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2004; 6(6): 673-682
DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-830330
Original Paper

Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart KG · New York

Phylogeny of Veronica - a Combination of Molecular and Chemical Evidence

R. M. Taskova1 , D. C. Albach2 , R. J. Grayer3
  • 1Institute of Botany, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
  • 2Botanisches Institut der Universität Wien, Rennweg 14, 1030 Wien, Austria
  • 3Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK
Weitere Informationen

Publikationsverlauf

Received: November 16, 2003

Accepted: August 23, 2004

Publikationsdatum:
26. Oktober 2004 (online)

Abstract

A molecular phylogenetic tree of the genus Veronica, based on sequences of the ITS region of nuclear ribosomal DNA, provided a framework to test the use of iridoid chemical data in the classification of the genus. The distribution of ten iridoid glucosides, determined in 27 species of Veronica, supported the molecular results. The nine clades of the molecular tree appeared to correlate with a specific pattern of catalpol esters and chromosome base numbers. Some relationships within Veronica, previously suggested on the basis of morphological and karyological characters, were supported by our data. Neither the molecular, nor the chemical features were in favour of the classical circumscription and classification of the genus.

References

  • 1 Afanasiyeva N. G.. Endospermal haustoria and their significance for the elucidation of the phylogeny of the genus Veronica L.  Botaniceskii Zurnal. (1971);  56 215-229
  • 2 Afanasiyeva N. G., Meshkova L. Z.. Application of the karyogeographical study to the phylogeny of genus Veronica L.  Botaniceskii Zurnal. (1961);  46 247-259
  • 3 Albach D. C., Chase M. W.. Paraphyly of Veronica (Veroniceae; Scrophulariaceae): Evidence from the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA.  Journal of Plant Research. (2001);  114 9-18
  • 4 Albach D. C., Chase M. W.. Incongruence in Veroniceae (Plantaginaceae): Evidence from two plastid and a nuclear ribosomal DNA region.  Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. (2004);  32 183-197
  • 5 Albach D. C., Martínez-Ortega M. M., Chase M. W.. Veronica: Parallel morphological evolution and phylogeography in the Mediterranean.  Plant Systematics and Evolution. (2004 a);  246 177-194
  • 6 Albach D. C., Martinez-Ortega M. M., Fischer M. A., Chase M. W.. A new classification of the Veroniceae - problems and possible solution.  Taxon. (2004 b);  53 429-452
  • 7 Albach D. C., Martinez-Ortega M. M., Fischer M. A., Chase M. W.. Evolution of Veroniceae: A phylogenetic perspective.  Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. (2004 c);  91 275-302
  • 8 Beatus R.. Die Veronica-Gruppe Agrestis der Sektion Alsinebe Griseb., ein Beitrag zum Problem der Artbildung. I. Die Zytologie der Gruppe Agrestis. .  Zeitschrift für induktive Abstammungs- und Vererbungs-Lehre. (1936);  71 353-381
  • 9 Bentham G.. Scrophulariaceae. De Candolle, T., ed. Prodromus. Paris; (1846): 448-491
  • 10 Doyle J. J., Doyle J. L.. A rapid DNA isolation procedure for small quantities of fresh leaf tissue.  Phytochemical Bulletin. (1987);  19 11-15
  • 11 Fernandez I., Juan R., Pastor J.. Morfologia polinica de Veronica (Scrophulariaceae) en el suroeste de Espana.  Acta Botanica Malacitana. (1997);  22 65-72
  • 12 Fischer M. A.. Einige Chromosomenzahlen aus den Gattungen Veronica, Pseudolysimachion, Paederota, Wulfenia und Lagotis (Scrophulariaceae - Veronicinae). .  Österreichische Botanische Zeitschrift. (1969);  116 430-443
  • 13 Fischer M. A.. Neue Taxa, Chromosomenzahlen und Systematik von Veronica subsect. Acinifolia (Römpp) Stroh.  Österreichische Botanische Zeitschrift. (1972);  121 413-437
  • 14 Fischer M. A.. Beitrag zu einer systematischen Neubearbeitung der Gruppe um Pseudolysimachion spicatum (L.) Opiz (= Veronica spicata).  Phyton (Austria). (1974);  16 29-47
  • 15 Fischer M. A.. On the origin of Veronica persica (Scrophulariaceae) - a contribution to the history of a neophytic weed.  Plant Systematics and Evolution. (1987);  155 105-132
  • 16 Grayer R. J., Chase M. W., Simmonds M. S. J.. A comparison between chemical and molecular characters for the determination of phylogenetic relationships among plant families: An appreciation of Hegnauer's “Chemotaxonomie der Pflanzen”.  Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. (1999);  27 369-393
  • 17 Grayer-Barkmeijer R. J.. A chemosystematic study of Veronica: Iridoid glucosides.  Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. (1973);  1 101-110
  • 18 Grayer-Barkmeijer R. J.. Flavonoids in Parahebe and Veronica: A chemosystematic study.  Biochemical Systematics and Ecology. (1978);  6 131-137
  • 19 Grayer-Barkmeijer R. J.. Chemosystematic investigations in Veronica L. PhD Thesis, University of Leiden. (1979)
  • 20 Graze H.. Weitere Chromosomenuntersuchungen bei Veronica-Arten der Sektion Pseudolysimachia Koch.  Jahrbuch wissenschaftlicher Botanik. (1935);  81 609-662
  • 21 Härle A.. Die Arten und Formen der Veronica Sekt. Pseudolysimasimachia Koch. auf Grund systematischer und experimenteller Untersuchungen.  Bibliotheca Botanica. (1932);  104 84-108
  • 22 Hartl D.. Genus Veronica L. Hegi, I., ed. Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa, 2. Aufl., Band 6 (1). München; Verlag Paul Parey (1968): 161-236
  • 23 Holub T., Pauzar Z.. A nomenclatural analysis of the generic names of phanerogams proposed by F. M. Opiz in his Seznam Rostlin Kveting Ceske.  Folia Geobotanica and Phytotaxonomica. (1967);  2 397-428
  • 24 Hong D-Y.. Taxonomy and evolution of the Veroniceae (Scrophulariaceae) with special reference to palynology.  Opera Botanica. (1984);  75 5-60
  • 25 Hong D-Y., Nilsson S.. On the validity of the genus Cochlidiosperma Reichenb. (Scrophulariaceae) as supported by additional palynological evidence.  Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica. (1983);  21 146-150
  • 26 Jelenevskij A. G.. Sistematika i geographia veronik USSR i prilezhastih stran. Moscow; Nauka (1978)
  • 27 Juan R., Fernandez I., Pastor J.. Morphological and anatomical studies on fruits of Veronica from south-west Spain.  Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. (1997);  123 157-171
  • 28 Juan R., Pastor J., Fernandez I.. Seed morphology in Veronica (Scrophulariaceae) from south-west Spain.  Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. (1994);  115 133-143
  • 29 Kampny C. M., Dengler N. G.. Evolution of flower shape in Veroniceae (Scrophulariaceae).  Plant Systematics and Evolution. (1997);  205 1-25
  • 30 Koch C.. Monographia generis Veronicae. Würzburg; (1833)
  • 31 Kulpa W.. Comparative seed morphology of European species of Veronica L.  Roczniki Nauk Rolniczych. (1968);  126 D 1-108
  • 32 Lahloub M.-F.. Iridoid glucosides from aerial parts of Veronica persica Poir. in Lam. growing in Egypt.  Alexandria Journal of Pharmaceutical Science. (1991);  7 390-401
  • 33 Lahloub M.-F.. Iridoid glucosides from Veronica filiformis Sm.  Alexandria Journal of Pharmaceutical Science. (1992);  8 56-67
  • 34 Lehmann E.. Die Gattung Veronica in entwicklungsgeschichtlicher Betrachtung.  Cytologia Fuji Jubilaei Volumen. (1937);  6 903-919
  • 35 Lehmann E.. Polyploidie und geographische Verbreitung der Arten der Gattung Veronica. .  Jahrbuch wissenschaftlicher Botanik. (1940);  89 461-542
  • 36 Martinez-Ortega M. M., Rico E.. Seed morphology and its systematic significance in some Veronica species (Scrophulariaceae) mainly from the Western Mediterranean.  Plant Systematics and Evolution. (2001);  228 15-32
  • 37 Martinez-Ortega M. M., Sanchez J. S., Rico E.. Palynological study of Veronica Sect. Veronica and Sect. Veronicastrum (Scrophulariaceae) and its taxonomic significance.  Grana. (2000);  39 21-31
  • 38 Raman S.. The trichomes on the corolla of the Scrophulariaceae - III: Tribe Digitalieae.  Beiträge zur Biologie der Pflanzen. (1989);  64 199-212
  • 39 Riek R.. Systematische und pflanzengeographische Untersuchungen in der Veronica - Sekt. Chamaedrys Griseb.  Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis. (1935);  79 1-68
  • 40 Römpp H.. Verwandtschaftsverhältnisse in der Gattung Veronica. .  Repertorium specierum novarum regni vegetabilis. (1928);  50 1-172
  • 41 Stroh G.. Die Gattung Veronica L. Versuch einer systematischen Kodifizierung der Arten (mit Ausnahme der endemischen Arten von Neuseeland).  Beihefte zum Botanischen Centralblatt Abt. B. (1942);  61 384-451
  • 42 Sun Y., Skinner D. Z., Liang G. H., Hulbert S. H.. Phylogenetic analysis of Sorghum and related taxa using internal transcribed spacers of nuclear ribosomal DNA.  Theoretical and Applied Genetics. (1994);  89 26-32
  • 43 Swofford D. L.. PAUP* Phylogenetic analysis using parsimony (*and other methods). Sunderland, Massachusetts; Sinauer Associates (1998)
  • 44 Taskova R., Handjieva N., Peev D., Popov S.. Iridoid glucosides from three Veronica species.  Phytochemistry. (1998);  49 1323-1327
  • 45 Taskova R., Peev D., Handjieva N.. Iridoid glucosides of genus Veronica s. l. and their systematic significance.  Plant Systematics and Evolution. (2002);  231 1-17
  • 46 Tomás-Barberán F. A., Grayer-Barkmeijer R. J., Gil M. I., Harborne J. B.. Distribution of 6-hydroxy-, 6-methoxy- and 8-hydroxyflavone glycosides in the Labiatae, the Scrophulariaceae and related families.  Phytochemistry. (1988);  27 2631-2645
  • 47 Wagstaff S. J., Garnock-Jones P. J.. Evolution and biogeography of the Hebe complex (Scrophulariaceae) inferred from ITS sequences.  New Zealand Journal of Botany. (1998);  36 425-437
  • 48 Walters S. M., Webb D. A.. Genus Veronica L. Tutin, T. G., Heywood, V. H., Burges, N. A., Moore, D. M., Valentine, D. H., Walters, S. M., and Webb, D. A., eds. Flora Europaea, Vol. III. Cambridge; Academic Press (1972): 242-251
  • 49 Wettstein  Von R.. Scrophulariaceae. Engler, A. and Prantl, K., eds. Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien, Teil 4, Abt. 3 b. Berlin; Wilhelm Engelmann (1895)
  • 50 White T. J., Bruns T., Lee S., Taylor J.. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. Innis, D. G., Sninsky, J., and White T. J., eds. PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. San Diego; Academic Press (1991): 315-322
  • 51 Willis J. C.. A Dictionary of the Flowering Plants and Ferns, 8th ed. Cambridge; University Press (1980)
  • 52 Yamazaki T.. Taxonomical and phylogenetic studies of Scrophulariaceae - Veronicae with special reference to Veronica and Veronicastrum in Eastern Asia.  Journal of the Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo (Botany) Section III. (1957);  7 92-162

R. J. Grayer

Jodrell Laboratory
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

Richmond

Surrey, TW9 3AB

UK

eMail: r.grayer@rbgkew.org.uk

Editor: M. Koornneef