Sprachanwendungsbasierende Interventionen bei phonologischen Störungen

Zusammenfassung

Kinder mit phonologischen Störungen weisen oft auch Störungen in anderen Domänen des Spracherwerbs auf. Sprachanwendungsbasierende Ansätze basieren auf allen Aspekten der Sprache. Deshalb wird häufig den Lautbildungsfehlern, auch hinsichtlich der Therapie, weniger Beachtung geschenkt. Die sprachanwendungsbasierenden Therapieansätze beinhalten eine Vielzahl naturalistischer, konversationsbasierender Techniken wie fokussierte Stimulation in Form von Expansion und Umformung, Verwendung strukturierter Erzählungen (narrativer Strukturen) und elizitierende Produktionstechniken wie Alternativfragen, Lückensatzergänzungen und Vorbereitungsinduktionen. Ergebnisse von gut kontrollierten Gruppenstudien zeigen keinen eindeutigen Effekt hinsichtlich der Übertragung von morphosyntaktischen Ansätzen auf phonologische Fähigkeiten. Nichtsdestotrotz gibt es aber manche Kinder, deren phonologische Fähigkeiten von einem solchen sprachanwendungsbasierenden Ansatz profitieren. Vorläufige Daten deuten darauf hin, dass ein solcher Ansatz Therapie der Wahl bei Kindern sein kann, die sowohl Sprech- bzw. Sprachstörungen haben und deren phonologisches System sehr inkonsequent ist. Ein Vorteil der sprachanwendungsbasierenden Ansätze mag sein, dass es bei Kindern, die Schwierigkeiten in beiden Domänen (phonetisch-phonologisch und morphosyntaktisch) haben, sowohl zu einer Verbesserung der Sprech- wie Sprachanwendungsleistung kommen kann. Sprachanwendungsbasierende Interventionen können auch eine Alternative sein, wenn aufgrund äußerer Umstände eine Gruppentherapie oder Betreuung mehrerer Kinder gleichzeitig erforderlich ist. Sollte eine sprachanwendungsbasierende Intervention für Kinder mit reinen phonologischen Störungen angewendet werden, ist es wichtig, den phonologischen Fortschritt genau zu kontrollieren und zu beobachten.

Abstract

Children with phonological disorders often display difficulty in other domains of language. Language-based approaches focus on all aspects of language; therefore, little attention may be drawn to sound errors and these may not be specific targets of intervention. These approaches involve a variety of naturalistic, conversationally based techniques such as focused stimulation in the form of expansion and recasts, scaffolding narratives, and elicited production devices such as forced choice questions, cloze tasks, and preparatory sets. Results from well-controlled group studies are inconclusive regarding the cross-domain effects of morphosyntax approaches on phonology. There are, however, individual children whose phonology improves with a language-based approach. Preliminary evidence suggests that such an approach may be an appropriate choice for children with both speech and language impairments whose phonological systems are highly inconsistent. One advantage of a language-based approach is that it may lead to simultaneous improvements in both speech and language for children with difficulty in both these domains. It is also a viable option when service delivery dictates classroom and collaborative settings. When a language-based approach is chosen for children with phonological disorders, it is imperative that the practitioner monitor phonological progress closely to ensure its effectiveness.

Schlüsselwörter

Sprachanwendungsbasierende Interventionen - Phonologie - naturalistische Techniken

Key words

Language intervention - phonology - naturalistic techniques

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