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Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2001; 3(1): 17-23
DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-11743
Original Paper
Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart ·New York

The Effect of Irradiance on Carboxylating/Decarboxylating Enzymes and Fumarase Activities in Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. Exposed to Salinity Stress

Z. Miszalski 1 , E. Niewiadomska 1 , I. Slesak 1 , U. Lüttge 2 , M. Kluge 2 , R. Ratajczak 2
  • 1 Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Plant Physiology, Cracow, Poland
  • 2 Darmstadt University of Technology, Institute of Botany, Darmstadt, Germany
Further Information

Publication History

July 3, 2000

October 27, 2000

Publication Date:
31 December 2001 (online)

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Abstract

In Mesembryanthemum crystallinum plants, treated for 9 days with 0.4 M NaCl at low light intensities (80 - 90 or 95 - 100 μE m-2 s-1; λ = 400 - 700 nm), no day/night malate level differences (Δmalate) were detected. At high light (385 - 400 μE m-2 s-1) strong stimulation of PEPC activity, accompanied by a Δmalate of 11.3 mM, demonstrated the presence of CAM metabolism. This indicates that, to evolve day/night differences in malate concentration, high light is required. Salt treatment at low light induces and increases the activity of NAD- and NADP-malic enzymes by as much as 3.7- and 3.9-fold, while at high light these values reach 6.4- and 17.7-fold, respectively. The induction of activity of both malic enzymes and PEPC (phospoenolpyruvate carboxylase) take place before Δmalate is detectable. An increase in SOD (superoxide dismutase) was observed in plants cultivated at high light in both control and salt-treated plants. However, in salt-treated plants this effect was more pronounced. Carboxylating and decarboxylating enzymes seem to be induced by a combination of different signals, i.e., salt and light intensity. Plants performing CAM, after the decrease of activity of both the decarboxylating enzymes at the beginning of the light period, showed an increase in these enzymes in darkness when the malate pool reaches higher levels. In CAM plants the activity of fumarase (Krebs cycle) is much lower than that in C3 plants. The role of mitochondria in CAM plants is discussed.

Abbreviations

BICINE: (N,N-bis[2-hydroxyethyl]glycine)

BSA: bovine serum albumin

CAM: Crassulacean acid metabolism

DTT: dithiothreitol

EDTA: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

HEPES: N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N′-(ethanesulfonic acid)

Δmalate: difference of cell sap malate concentration after the night and after the day

MES: [N-morpholino]ethanesulfonic acid

MDH: malate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.37)

NAD-ME: NAD-malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.38)

NADP-ME: NADP-malic enzyme (EC 1.1.1.40)

NBT: nitroblue tetrazolium

PAGE: polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis

PEP: phosphoenolpyruvate

PEPC: phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (EC 4.1.1.31)

PEPCK: phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (EC 4.1.1.32)

PVP: polyvinylpyrrolidone

SOD: superoxide dismutase (E.C 1.15.1.1)

TEMED: N,N,N′,N′-tetramethyl-ethylenediamine

Tris: Tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane

Tricine: N-Tris(hydroxymethyl)-methylglycine

Key words

C3 photosynthesis - Crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) - fumarase - Mesembryanthemum crystallinum - mitochondria - NAD-malic enzyme - NADP-malic enzyme

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Z. Miszalski

Polish Academy of Sciences
Department of Plant Physiology

Slawkowska 17
31-016 Cracow
Poland

Email: z. miszalski@zfr.pan.krakow.pl

Section Editor: H. Rennenberg