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Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2000; 2(1): 4-10
DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-9177
Original Paper
Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart ·New York

Mycorrhiza of Brazil Pine (Araucaria angustifolia [Bert. O. Ktze.])

Magdalena Breuninger 1 , W. Einig 1 , E. Magel 1 , E. Cardoso 2 , and R. Hampp 1
  • 1 University of Tübingen, Physiological Ecology of Plants,Tübingen, Germany
  • 2 ESALQ/University of São Paulo, Departamento de Ciência do Solo, Piracicaba/SP, Brazil
Further Information

Publication History

July 29, 1999

October 18, 1999

Publication Date:
31 December 2000 (online)

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Abstract:

Tropical and subtropical forests once covered large areas of Central and South America. An important member of forests of the southern hemisphere is the genus Araucaria. Because of clear cutting only small remnants of Araucaria angustifolia forests still exist in Southern Brazil. Attempts at reforestation have had only limited success because of lack of knowledge about the environmental requirements of this species. This is especially true with respect to the root/fungus symbiosis (mycorrhiza) which is necessary for enhanced water and nutrient uptake and present in more than 90 % of land plants. Analysis of the root systems of Araucaria trees from forest and grassland (campo) sites revealed mycorrhizal structures (appressoria, penetration and coiled hyphae, vesicles, arbuscules, spores) which are characteristic for the arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) type. The spores of AM fungi at both sites - forest and campo - were identified. The biodiversity at the forest site was much higher, with 13 species, whereas only 6 different species could be identified at the campo site. Glomus and Acaulospora were the only genera present at the campo. The forest, however, also contained spores of Entrophospora and Scutellospora. In addition to the greater biodiversity, the spore number in soil as well as the percent mycorrhizal colonization in roots were significantly higher at the forest site than at the campo site. Because of the low frequency of hyphal coils and the dominating intercellular growth of hyphae, these mycorrhizas can be classified as an Arum-type, which is the first report of this kind in gymnosperms.

Key words:

Araucaria angustifolia - Arum-type mycorrhiza - arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi - diversity.

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Magdalena Breuninger

Universität Tübingen Physiologische Ökologie der Pflanzen

Auf der Morgense 1

72076 Tübingen

Germany

Section Editor: U. Lüttge

Email: magdalene.breuninger@uni-tuebingen.de