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Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2000; 2(4): 379-395
DOI: 10.1055/s-2000-5958
Review Article
Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart ·New York

Genetic Diversity and the Survival of Populations

G. Booy 1 , R. J. J. Hendriks 2 , M. J. M. Smulders 1 , J. M. Van Groenendael 2 , B. Vosman 1
  • 1 Plant Research International, Wageningen, The Netherlands
  • 2 Department of Ecology, Nijmegen University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
Further Information

Publication History

July 5, 1999

May 10, 2000

Publication Date:
31 December 2000 (online)

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Abstract

In this comprehensive review, a range of factors is considered that may influence the significance of genetic diversity for the survival of a population. Genetic variation is essential for the adaptability of a population in which quantitatively inherited, fitness-related traits are crucial. Therefore, the relationship between genetic diversity and fitness should be studied in order to make predictions on the importance of genetic diversity for a specific population. The level of genetic diversity found in a population highly depends on the mating system, the evolutionary history of a species and the population history (the latter is usually unknown), and on the level of environmental heterogeneity. An accurate estimation of fitness remains complex, despite the availability of a range of direct and indirect fitness parameters. There is no general relationship between genetic diversity and various fitness components. However, if a lower level of heterozygosity represents an increased level of inbreeding, a reduction in fitness can be expected. Molecular markers can be used to study adaptability or fitness, provided that they represent a quantitative trait locus (QTL) or are themselves functional genes involved in these processes. Next to a genetic response of a population to environmental change, phenotypic plasticity in a genotype can affect fitness. The relative importance of plasticity to genetic diversity depends on the species and population under study and on the environmental conditions. The possibilities for application of current knowledge on genetic diversity and population survival for the management of natural populations are discussed.

Key words

Adaptation - fitness - genetic diversity - life history characteristics - molecular markers - population history - population management - quantitative traits

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G. Booy

Plant Research International

P. O. Box 16 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands

Email: G.Booy@plant.wag-ur.nl

Section Editor: R. Aerts