Download PDF
CC BY 4.0 · Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 2023; 13(03): 404-409
DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757735
Original Article

An Interrelation between the Width of Attached Gingiva, Vestibular Depth and its Impact on Dental Hygiene Care

Sai S. Sreeja
1   Department of Periodontology, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
,
Rahul Bhandary
1   Department of Periodontology, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
,
Amitha Ramesh Bhat
1   Department of Periodontology, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
,
Geethu Venugopalan
1   Department of Periodontology, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
,
Meghana Sri Sai Ivaturi
1   Department of Periodontology, AB Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
› Author Affiliations
› Further Information
Also available at
   Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Introduction The portion of the keratinized gingiva that is firmly attached to the bone is a significant determinant influencing oral hygiene and aids in the removal of deposits from the gingival crest, upgrades esthetics, and minimizes erythema in the area of the restituted dentition.

Aim To assess an interrelation among the thickness of attached gingiva, erythema, and dental hygiene. An interrelation of vestibular height, thickness of attached gingiva, and dental hygiene.

Materials and Methods A transverse study has been conducted. A total of 150 individuals were polled for information. The thickness of attached gingiva and vestibular height were assessed in six front dentitions by means of functional method. Clinical metrics comprising Oral hygiene index and modified gingival index has been documented.

Results There was a positive correlation association among attached gingival width and oral health care (p < 0.01). The vestibular depth, in contrast did not demonstrate any correlation (p < 0.01).

Conclusion An adequate amount of attached gingiva is essential to maintain the gingival health and overall oral hygiene, whereas the depth of vestibule did not show any association with oral hygiene maintenance.

Keywords

width of attached gingiva - vestibular depth - oral hygiene


Publication History

Article published online:
23 November 2022

© 2022. The Author(s). This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, permitting unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction so long as the original work is properly cited. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
A-12, 2nd Floor, Sector 2, Noida-201301 UP, India

 

  • References

  • 1 Ainamo J, Löe H. Anatomical characteristics of gingiva. A clinical and microscopic study of the free and attached gingiva. J Periodontol 1966; 37 (01) 5-13
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Padmini H, Raja KK, Hoe ZY, Teh YJ, Ting CJ. Correlation of width of attached gingiva, depth of the vestibule on gingival health and oral hygiene maintenance in Malaysian young adults. J Clin Diagn Res 2018;12(11):
    Google Scholar
  • 3 Tarnow D, Hochman M, Chu S, Fletcher P. A new definition of attached gingiva around teeth and implants in healthy and diseased sites. Int J Periodont Restor Dent 2021; 41 (01) 43-49
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Fiorellini JP, Kim DM, Ishikawa SO. The gingiva. In: Newman, Michael G, Takei HH, Klokkevold PR, and Carranza FA, eds. Carranza's Clinical Periodontology. St. Louis: Elsevier Saunders; 2015. 12. 9-39
    Google Scholar
  • 5 Guglielmoni P, Promsudthi A, Tatakis DN, Trombelli L. Intra- and inter-examiner reproducibility in keratinized tissue width assessment with 3 methods for mucogingival junction determination. J Periodontol 2001; 72 (02) 134-139
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Weinmann JP, Meyer J, Mardfin D, Weiss M. Occurrence and role of glycogen in the epithelium of the alveolar mucosa and of the attached gingiva. Am J Anat 1959; 104: 381-402
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Tencate AR. The distribution of acid phosphatase, non-specific esterase and lipid in oral epithelia in man and the macaque monkey. Arch Oral Biol 1963; 8: 747-753
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Hall WB. Can attached gingiva be increased nonsurgically?. Quintessence Int Dent Dig 1982; 13 (04) 455-462
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Bhatia G, Kumar A, Khatri M, Bansal M, Saxena S. Assessment of the width of attached gingiva using different methods in various age groups: a clinical study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2015; 19 (02) 199-202
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Ainamo A, Ainamo J. The width of attached gingiva on supraerupted teeth. J Periodontal Res 1978; 13 (03) 194-198
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Lang NP, Löe H. The relationship between the width of keratinized gingiva and gingival health. J Periodontol 1972; 43 (10) 623-627
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Miyasato M, Crigger M, Egelberg J. Gingival condition in areas of minimal and appreciable width of keratinized gingiva. J Clin Periodontol 1977; 4 (03) 200-209
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Ericsson I, Lindhe J. Recession in sites with inadequate width of the keratinized gingiva. An experimental study in the dog. J Clin Periodontol 1984; 11 (02) 95-103
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Stetler KJ, Bissada NF. Significance of the width of keratinized gingiva on the periodontal status of teeth with submarginal restorations. J Periodontol 1987; 58 (10) 696-700
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Freedman AL, Green K, Salkin LM, Stein MD, Mellado JR. An 18-year longitudinal study of untreated mucogingival defects. J Periodontol 1999; 70 (10) 1174-1176
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Halperin-Sternfeld M, Zigdon-Giladi H, Machtei EE. The association between shallow vestibular depth and peri-implant parameters: a retrospective 6 years longitudinal study. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 43 (03) 305-310
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Wennstrom J, PiniPrato GP. Mucogingival therapy periodontal plastic surgery. In: Lindhe J, Karring T, Lang N. eds. Clinical Periodontology and Implant Dentistry. 4th ed. Copenhagen: Blackwell Munksgaard; 2003: 576-650
    Google Scholar
  • 18 Ward VJ. A technique of measurement of the depth of the vestibular fornix in the mandibular anterior region. J Periodontol 1976; 47 (09) 525-530
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Goldman HM. A review of current technics in periodontal therapy as practised in the United States. Int Dent J 1960; 10: 287-309
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Bowers GM. A study of the width of attached gingiva. J Periodontol 1963; 34 (03) 201-209
    CrossrefGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Kolte R, Kolte A, Mahajan A. Assessment of gingival thickness with regards to age, gender and arch location. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2014; 18 (04) 478-481
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 De Rouck T, Eghbali R, Collys K, De Bruyn H, Cosyn J. The gingival biotype revisited: transparency of the periodontal probe through the gingival margin as a method to discriminate thin from thick gingiva. J Clin Periodontol 2009; 36 (05) 428-433
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Adesola UK, Okhiabigie AP, Adeola A, Omowunmi AP, Ayodeji TO. Evaluation of the attached gingiva width and sulcus depth in an adult Nigerian population - a pilot study. J Int Acad Periodontol 2018; 20 (03) 78-85
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Wennström JL. Lack of association between width of attached gingiva and development of soft tissue recession. A 5-year longitudinal study. J Clin Periodontol 1987; 14 (03) 181-184
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Lang NP, Löe H. The relationship between the width of keratinized gingiva and gingival health. J Periodontol 1972; 43 (10) 623-627
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar