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DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-102322
Alternative Ernährungsformen
Teil 2: Die Paleo-Ernährung – Naturgeschichte trifft moderne StoffwechselforschungAlternative DietsPart 2: The Paleo Diet – Natural History Meets Modern Metabolic ResearchPublication History
Publication Date:
11 April 2016 (online)
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Zusammenfassung
Die sog. „Steinzeiternährung“, auch als „Paleo-Diet“ oder „paläolithische Ernährung“ bezeichnet, ist eine alternative Ernährungsform, die derzeit auf großes Interesse stößt. Als Begründer der modernen Paleo-Bewegung gelten der Mediziner S. B. Eaton und der Anthropologe M. Konner. Zentrales Element des Paleo-Konzepts ist die Anpassungsthese. Danach ist der Stoffwechsel des modernen Menschen genetisch noch immer an die Ernährungsweise der Altsteinzeit angepasst. Die altsteinzeitliche Ernährungsweise soll daher als Referenzstandard für moderne Ernährungsempfehlungen dienen. Biotheoretisch fußt das Paleo-Konzept auf einem einseitigen Adaptationismus. Auch ist die tatsächliche Beschaffenheit der altsteinzeitlichen Nahrung nur ansatzweise bekannt. Eine „moderne“ Steinzeiternährung beinhaltet Obst, Gemüse, Nüsse und Samen sowie Meeresfrüchte, Fleisch und Eier; gemieden werden Hülsenfrüchte, Getreide und Milchprodukte. Damit wird eine hohe Nährstoffdichte für die meisten Mikronährstoffe erzielt, sodass die Paleo-Ernährung bei moderatem Fleischanteil für gesunde Erwachsene als Dauerkost geeignet ist. Für Patienten mit metabolischem Syndrom stellt die Paleo-Ernährung – neben einer kohlenhydratreduzierten mediterranen Ernährung – eine mögliche diätetische Alternative zur Gewichtsreduktion und Verbesserung der Stoffwechsellage dar.
Abstract
The so-called „paleo diet “or „paleolithic nutrition“ is an alternative diet, which encounters large interest at present. The modern paleo movement was founded by the physician S. B. Eaton and the anthropologist M. Konner. Central element of the paleo concept is the thesis of “adaptation”. Following this idea, the metabolism of modern humans is genetically still adapted to the nutrition of the paleolithic age. Hence, the paleolithic nutrition should be considered as a reference standard for modern diet recommendations. Biotheoretically, the paleo concept is based on a narrowed adaptationism − an “ism” which is fundamental questioned by the results of the niche construction research. Furthermore, it is unclear, to which “kind” of nutrition humans are thought to be adapted. The factual composition of “the” diet consumed by our paleolithic ancestors is only rudimentary known and varied depending on region and climate. Modern concepts of the „paleo diet“ include fruit, vegetables, nuts and seeds as well as seafood, meat and eggs. In contrast, legumes, cereals and milk products are avoided. Thus, a high nutrient density for most micronutrients is achieved with the paleo diet. If meat consumption is moderate, the paleo diet is adequate for humans on the long run. For patients with metabolic syndrome the paleo diet, as well as a carbohydrate reduced Mediterranean diet, can be seen as one of the possible alternatives for weight reduction and improvement of metabolic parameters.
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