PDF herunterladen
Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 36(04): 616-629
DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1556074
Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

The Role of Noninvasive Ventilation in the Hospital and Outpatient Management of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Guy W. Soo Hoo
1   Pulmonary and Critical Care Section, West Los Angeles VA Healthcare Center, VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
› Institutsangaben
Weitere Informationen

Publikationsverlauf

Publikationsdatum:
03. August 2015 (online)

    Lizenzen und Reprints

Abstract

Positive pressure noninvasive ventilation (NIV) has become widely accepted in the treatment of both hospitalized and outpatient subjects with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The support has evolved over the past two decades to be part of first-line management in acute exacerbations of COPD and is also instrumental in discontinuing mechanical ventilation in COPD patients with acute respiratory failure. It is also suitable for treatment of COPD with other associated conditions including pneumonia, following lung resectional surgery, with concomitant obstructive sleep apnea and as part of end-of-life care. Short-term application can also facilitate some endoscopic procedures that may otherwise require endotracheal intubation. Outpatient use of NIV in COPD has garnered much attention, but the support has not been as robust as with NIV in hospitalized patients. However, an approach with higher pressures with a goal of significant reduction in daytime PaCO2 may be an effective strategy. NIV can also facilitate exercise training in pulmonary rehabilitation. A portable device which can augment tidal volume during ambulation and other activities of daily living may further expand the use of NIV in COPD patients.

Keywords

COPD - noninvasive ventilation - hypercapnia - chronic respiratory failure
 

  • References

  • 1 Brochard L, Isabey D, Piquet J , et al. Reversal of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive lung disease by inspiratory assistance with a face mask. N Engl J Med 1990; 323 (22) 1523-1530
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Meduri GU, Conoscenti CC, Menashe P, Nair S. Noninvasive face mask ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure. Chest 1989; 95 (4) 865-870
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Intermittent positive pressure breathing therapy of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A clinical trial. Ann Intern Med 1983; 99 (5) 612-620
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Walkey AJ, Wiener RS. Use of noninvasive ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure, 2000-2009: a population-based study. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2013; 10 (1) 10-17
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Demoule A, Girou E, Richard JC, Taillé S, Brochard L. Increased use of noninvasive ventilation in French intensive care units. Intensive Care Med 2006; 32 (11) 1747-1755
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Keenan SP, Sinuff T, Burns KE , et al; Canadian Critical Care Trials Group/Canadian Critical Care Society Noninvasive Ventilation Guidelines Group. Clinical practice guidelines for the use of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation and noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure in the acute care setting. CMAJ 2011; 183 (3) E195-E214
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Tobin MJ. Respiratory muscles in disease. Clin Chest Med 1988; 9 (2) 263-286
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 8 Carrey Z, Gottfried SB, Levy RD. Ventilatory muscle support in respiratory failure with nasal positive pressure ventilation. Chest 1990; 97 (1) 150-158
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Belman MJ, Soo Hoo GW, Kuei JH, Shadmehr R. Efficacy of positive vs negative pressure ventilation in unloading the respiratory muscles. Chest 1990; 98 (4) 850-856
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Bott J, Carroll MP, Conway JH , et al. Randomised controlled trial of nasal ventilation in acute ventilatory failure due to chronic obstructive airways disease. Lancet 1993; 341 (8860) 1555-1557
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Brochard L, Mancebo J, Wysocki M , et al. Noninvasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. N Engl J Med 1995; 333 (13) 817-822
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Kramer N, Meyer TJ, Meharg J, Cece RD, Hill NS. Randomized, prospective trial of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in acute respiratory failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 151 (6) 1799-1806
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Nava S, Hill N. Non-invasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure. Lancet 2009; 374 (9685) 250-259
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 14 Terzano C, Di Stefano F, Conti V , et al. Mixed acid-base disorders, hydroelectrolyte imbalance and lactate production in hypercapnic respiratory failure: the role of noninvasive ventilation. PLoS ONE 2012; 7 (4) e35245
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Confalonieri M, Garuti G, Cattaruzza MS , et al; Italian noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) study group. A chart of failure risk for noninvasive ventilation in patients with COPD exacerbation. Eur Respir J 2005; 25 (2) 348-355
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Plant PK, Owen JL, Elliott MW. Early use of non-invasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on general respiratory wards: a multicentre randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2000; 355 (9219) 1931-1935
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Soo Hoo GW, Hakimian N, Santiago SM. Hypercapnic respiratory failure in COPD patients: response to therapy. Chest 2000; 117 (1) 169-177
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Scala R, Naldi M, Archinucci I, Coniglio G, Nava S. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in patients with acute exacerbations of COPD and varying levels of consciousness. Chest 2005; 128 (3) 1657-1666
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Soo Hoo GW, Santiago S, Williams AJ. Nasal mechanical ventilation for hypercapnic respiratory failure in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: determinants of success and failure. Crit Care Med 1994; 22 (8) 1253-1261
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Díaz GG, Alcaraz AC, Talavera JC , et al. Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation to treat hypercapnic coma secondary to respiratory failure. Chest 2005; 127 (3) 952-960
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 McLaughlin KM, Murray IM, Thain G, Currie GP. Ward-based non-invasive ventilation for hypercapnic exacerbations of COPD: a ‘real-life’ perspective. QJM 2010; 103 (7) 505-510
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Paus-Jenssen ES, Reid JK, Cockcroft DW, Laframboise K, Ward HA. The use of noninvasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure at a tertiary care center. Chest 2004; 126 (1) 165-172
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Hess DR, Pang JM, Camargo Jr CA. A survey of the use of noninvasive ventilation in academic emergency departments in the United States. Respir Care 2009; 54 (10) 1306-1312
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Kwok H, McCormack J, Cece R, Houtchens J, Hill NS. Controlled trial of oronasal versus nasal mask ventilation in the treatment of acute respiratory failure. Crit Care Med 2003; 31 (2) 468-473
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Pisani L, Carlucci A, Nava S. Interfaces for noninvasive mechanical ventilation: technical aspects and efficiency. Minerva Anestesiol 2012; 78 (10) 1154-1161
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Devlin JW, Nava S, Fong JJ, Bahhady I, Hill NS. Survey of sedation practices during noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation to treat acute respiratory failure. Crit Care Med 2007; 35 (10) 2298-2302
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Devlin JW, Al-Qadheeb NS, Chi A , et al. Efficacy and safety of early dexmedetomidine during noninvasive ventilation for patients with acute respiratory failure: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study. Chest 2014; 145 (6) 1204-1212
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Marino W. Intermittent volume cycled mechanical ventilation via nasal mask in patients with respiratory failure due to COPD. Chest 1991; 99 (3) 681-684
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Meduri GU, Abou-Shala N, Fox RC, Jones CB, Leeper KV, Wunderink RG. Noninvasive face mask mechanical ventilation in patients with acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. Chest 1991; 100 (2) 445-454
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Strumpf DA, Carlisle CC, Millman RP, Smith KW, Hill NS. An evaluation of the respironics BiPAP Bi-Level CPAP device for delivery of assisted ventilation. Respir Care 1990; 35 (5) 415-422
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Confalonieri M, Calderini E, Terraciano S , et al. Noninvasive ventilation for treating acute respiratory failure in AIDS patients with Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Intensive Care Med 2002; 28 (9) 1233-1238
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Keenan SP, Sinuff T, Cook DJ, Hill NS. Which patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease benefit from noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation? A systematic review of the literature. Ann Intern Med 2003; 138 (11) 861-870
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Ambrosino N, Foglio K, Rubini F, Clini E, Nava S, Vitacca M. Non-invasive mechanical ventilation in acute respiratory failure due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: correlates for success. Thorax 1995; 50 (7) 755-757
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Antón A, Güell R, Gómez J , et al. Predicting the result of noninvasive ventilation in severe acute exacerbations of patients with chronic airflow limitation. Chest 2000; 117 (3) 828-833
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Moretti M, Cilione C, Tampieri A, Fracchia C, Marchioni A, Nava S. Incidence and causes of non-invasive mechanical ventilation failure after initial success. Thorax 2000; 55 (10) 819-825
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Organized jointly by the American Thoracic Society, the European Respiratory Society, the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine, and the Société de Réanimation de Langue Française, and approved by ATS Board of Directors, December 2000. International Consensus Conferences in Intensive Care Medicine: noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in acute respiratory failure. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 163 (1) 283-291
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 British Thoracic Society Standards of Care Committee. Non-invasive ventilation in acute respiratory failure. Thorax 2002; 57 (3) 192-211
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 38 Lightowler JV, Wedzicha JA, Elliott MW, Ram FS. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation to treat respiratory failure resulting from exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2003; 326 (7382) 185
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 39 Dres M, Tran TC, Aegerter P , et al; CUB-REA Group. Influence of ICU case-volume on the management and hospital outcomes of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease*. Crit Care Med 2013; 41 (8) 1884-1892
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 40 Tsai CL, Lee WY, Delclos GL, Hanania NA, Camargo Jr CA. Comparative effectiveness of noninvasive ventilation vs invasive mechanical ventilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with acute respiratory failure. J Hosp Med 2013; 8 (4) 165-172
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 41 Chandra D, Stamm JA, Taylor B , et al. Outcomes of noninvasive ventilation for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the United States, 1998-2008. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 185 (2) 152-159
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 42 Carpe-Carpe B, Hernando-Arizaleta L, Ibáñez-Pérez MC, Palomar-Rodríguez JA, Esquinas-Rodríguez AM. Evolution of the use of noninvasive mechanical ventilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in a Spanish region, 1997-2010. Arch Bronconeumol 2013; 49 (8) 330-336
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 43 Ozsancak Ugurlu A, Sidhom SS, Khodabandeh A , et al. Use and outcomes of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in acute care hospitals in Massachusetts. Chest 2014; 145 (5) 964-971
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 44 Epstein SK. Etiology of extubation failure and the predictive value of the rapid shallow breathing index. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 152 (2) 545-549
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 45 Esteban A, Frutos-Vivar F, Ferguson ND , et al. Noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation for respiratory failure after extubation. N Engl J Med 2004; 350 (24) 2452-2460
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 46 Ferrer M, Esquinas A, Leon M, Gonzalez G, Alarcon A, Torres A. Noninvasive ventilation in severe hypoxemic respiratory failure: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2003; 168 (12) 1438-1444
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 47 Nava S, Ambrosino N, Clini E , et al. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation in the weaning of patients with respiratory failure due to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. A randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1998; 128 (9) 721-728
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 48 Burns KE, Meade MO, Premji A, Adhikari NK. Noninvasive ventilation as a weaning strategy for mechanical ventilation in adults with respiratory failure: a Cochrane systematic review. CMAJ 2014; 186 (3) E112-E122
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 49 Ferrer M, Valencia M, Nicolas JM, Bernadich O, Badia JR, Torres A. Early noninvasive ventilation averts extubation failure in patients at risk: a randomized trial. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2006; 173 (2) 164-170
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 50 Ferrer M, Sellarés J, Valencia M , et al. Non-invasive ventilation after extubation in hypercapnic patients with chronic respiratory disorders: randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2009; 374 (9695) 1082-1088
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 51 Nava S, Gregoretti C, Fanfulla F , et al. Noninvasive ventilation to prevent respiratory failure after extubation in high-risk patients. Crit Care Med 2005; 33 (11) 2465-2470
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 52 Confalonieri M, Potena A, Carbone G, Porta RD, Tolley EA, Umberto Meduri G. Acute respiratory failure in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia. A prospective randomized evaluation of noninvasive ventilation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 160 (5, Pt 1) 1585-1591
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 53 Carrillo A, Gonzalez-Diaz G, Ferrer M , et al. Non-invasive ventilation in community-acquired pneumonia and severe acute respiratory failure. Intensive Care Med 2012; 38 (3) 458-466
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 54 Auriant I, Jallot A, Hervé P , et al. Noninvasive ventilation reduces mortality in acute respiratory failure following lung resection. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 164 (7) 1231-1235
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 55 Perrin C, Jullien V, Vénissac N , et al. Prophylactic use of noninvasive ventilation in patients undergoing lung resectional surgery. Respir Med 2007; 101 (7) 1572-1578
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 56 Lorut C, Lefebvre A, Planquette B , et al. Early postoperative prophylactic noninvasive ventilation after major lung resection in COPD patients: a randomized controlled trial. Intensive Care Med 2014; 40 (2) 220-227
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 57 Ioachimescu OC, Teodorescu M. Integrating the overlap of obstructive lung disease and obstructive sleep apnoea: OLDOSA syndrome. Respirology 2013; 18 (3) 421-431
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 58 Owens RL, Malhotra A. Sleep-disordered breathing and COPD: the overlap syndrome. Respir Care 2010; 55 (10) 1333-1344 , discussion 1344–1346
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 59 Flenley DC. Sleep in chronic obstructive lung disease. Clin Chest Med 1985; 6 (4) 651-661
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 60 Carrillo A, Ferrer M, Gonzalez-Diaz G , et al. Noninvasive ventilation in acute hypercapnic respiratory failure caused by obesity hypoventilation syndrome and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 186 (12) 1279-1285
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 61 Batzlaff CM, Karpman C, Afessa B, Benzo RP. Predicting 1-year mortality rate for patients admitted with an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to an intensive care unit: an opportunity for palliative care. Mayo Clin Proc 2014; 89 (5) 638-643
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 62 Connors Jr AF, Dawson NV, Thomas C , et al. Outcomes following acute exacerbation of severe chronic obstructive lung disease. The SUPPORT investigators (Study to Understand Prognoses and Preferences for Outcomes and Risks of Treatments). Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 154 (4, Pt 1): 959-967
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 63 Seneff MG, Wagner DP, Wagner RP, Zimmerman JE, Knaus WA. Hospital and 1-year survival of patients admitted to intensive care units with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. JAMA 1995; 274 (23) 1852-1857
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 64 Singanayagam A, Schembri S, Chalmers JD. Predictors of mortality in hospitalized adults with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Ann Am Thorac Soc 2013; 10 (2) 81-89
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 65 Breen D, Churches T, Hawker F, Torzillo PJ. Acute respiratory failure secondary to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease treated in the intensive care unit: a long term follow up study. Thorax 2002; 57 (1) 29-33
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 66 Azoulay E, Demoule A, Jaber S , et al. Palliative noninvasive ventilation in patients with acute respiratory failure. Intensive Care Med 2011; 37 (8) 1250-1257
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 67 Chu CM, Chan VL, Wong IW, Leung WS, Lin AW, Cheung KF. Noninvasive ventilation in patients with acute hypercapnic exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who refused endotracheal intubation. Crit Care Med 2004; 32 (2) 372-377
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 68 Levy M, Tanios MA, Nelson D , et al. Outcomes of patients with do-not-intubate orders treated with noninvasive ventilation. Crit Care Med 2004; 32 (10) 2002-2007
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 69 Schettino G, Altobelli N, Kacmarek RM. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation reverses acute respiratory failure in select “do-not-intubate” patients. Crit Care Med 2005; 33 (9) 1976-1982
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 70 Curtis JR, Cook DJ, Sinuff T , et al; Society of Critical Care Medicine Palliative Noninvasive Positive Ventilation Task Force. Noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in critical and palliative care settings: understanding the goals of therapy. Crit Care Med 2007; 35 (3) 932-939
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 71 Swidwa DM, Montenegro HD, Goldman MD, Lutchen KR, Saidel GM. Helium-oxygen breathing in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chest 1985; 87 (6) 790-795
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 72 Jolliet P, Tassaux D, Thouret JM, Chevrolet JC. Beneficial effects of helium:oxygen versus air:oxygen noninvasive pressure support in patients with decompensated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Crit Care Med 1999; 27 (11) 2422-2429
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 73 Jaber S, Fodil R, Carlucci A , et al. Noninvasive ventilation with helium-oxygen in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 161 (4, Pt 1) 1191-1200
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 74 Maggiore SM, Richard JC, Abroug F , et al. A multicenter, randomized trial of noninvasive ventilation with helium-oxygen mixture in exacerbations of chronic obstructive lung disease. Crit Care Med 2010; 38 (1) 145-151
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 75 Jolliet P, Tassaux D, Roeseler J , et al. Helium-oxygen versus air-oxygen noninvasive pressure support in decompensated chronic obstructive disease: A prospective, multicenter study. Crit Care Med 2003; 31 (3) 878-884
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 76 Scala R, Naldi M, Maccari U. Early fiberoptic bronchoscopy during non-invasive ventilation in patients with decompensated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease due to community-acquired-pneumonia. Crit Care 2010; 14 (2) R80
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 77 Esquinas A, Zuil M, Scala R, Chiner E. Bronchoscopy during non-invasive mechanical ventilation: a review of techniques and procedures. Arch Bronconeumol 2013; 49 (3) 105-112
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 78 Ambrosino N, Guarracino F. Unusual applications of noninvasive ventilation. Eur Respir J 2011; 38 (2) 440-449
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 79 Benditt JO. Novel uses of noninvasive ventilation. Respir Care 2009; 54 (2) 212-219 , discussion 219–222
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 80 Chu CM, Chan VL, Lin AW, Wong IW, Leung WS, Lai CK. Readmission rates and life threatening events in COPD survivors treated with non-invasive ventilation for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. Thorax 2004; 59 (12) 1020-1025
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 81 Elliott MW, Mulvey DA, Moxham J, Green M, Branthwaite MA. Domiciliary nocturnal nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation in COPD: mechanisms underlying changes in arterial blood gas tensions. Eur Respir J 1991; 4 (9) 1044-1052
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 82 Hill NS, Eveloff SE, Carlisle CC, Goff SG. Efficacy of nocturnal nasal ventilation in patients with restrictive thoracic disease. Am Rev Respir Dis 1992; 145 (2, Pt 1) 365-371
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 83 Leger P, Bedicam JM, Cornette A , et al. Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation. Long-term follow-up in patients with severe chronic respiratory insufficiency. Chest 1994; 105 (1) 100-105
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 84 Simonds AK, Elliott MW. Outcome of domiciliary nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation in restrictive and obstructive disorders. Thorax 1995; 50 (6) 604-609
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 85 Clinical indications for noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in chronic respiratory failure due to restrictive lung disease, COPD, and nocturnal hypoventilation—a consensus conference report. Chest 1999; 116 (2) 521-534
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 86 Braun N, Marino WD. Effect of daily intermittent rest of respiratory muscle in patients with severe chronic airflow obstruction. Chest 1984; 85 (6, Suppl): 595S
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 87 Gutiérrez M, Beroíza T, Contreras G , et al. Weekly cuirass ventilation improves blood gases and inspiratory muscle strength in patients with chronic air-flow limitation and hypercarbia. Am Rev Respir Dis 1988; 138 (3) 617-623
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 88 Shapiro SH, Ernst P, Gray-Donald K , et al. Effect of negative pressure ventilation in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Lancet 1992; 340 (8833): 1425-1429
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 89 Renston JP, DiMarco AF, Supinski GS. Respiratory muscle rest using nasal BiPAP ventilation in patients with stable severe COPD. Chest 1994; 105 (4) 1053-1060
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 90 Díaz O, Bégin P, Torrealba B, Jover E, Lisboa C. Effects of noninvasive ventilation on lung hyperinflation in stable hypercapnic COPD. Eur Respir J 2002; 20 (6) 1490-1498
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 91 Lin CC. Comparison between nocturnal nasal positive pressure ventilation combined with oxygen therapy and oxygen monotherapy in patients with severe COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 154 (2, Pt 1): 353-358
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 92 Strumpf DA, Millman RP, Carlisle CC , et al. Nocturnal positive-pressure ventilation via nasal mask in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991; 144 (6) 1234-1239
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 93 Gay PC, Hubmayr RD, Stroetz RW. Efficacy of nocturnal nasal ventilation in stable, severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during a 3-month controlled trial. Mayo Clin Proc 1996; 71 (6) 533-542
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 94 Meecham Jones DJ, Paul EA, Jones PW, Wedzicha JA. Nasal pressure support ventilation plus oxygen compared with oxygen therapy alone in hypercapnic COPD. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 152 (2) 538-544
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 95 Elliott MW, Simonds AK, Carroll MP, Wedzicha JA, Branthwaite MA. Domiciliary nocturnal nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation in hypercapnic respiratory failure due to chronic obstructive lung disease: effects on sleep and quality of life. Thorax 1992; 47 (5) 342-348
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 96 Díaz O, Bégin P, Andresen M , et al. Physiological and clinical effects of diurnal noninvasive ventilation in hypercapnic COPD. Eur Respir J 2005; 26 (6) 1016-1023
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 97 Casanova C, Celli BR, Tost L , et al. Long-term controlled trial of nocturnal nasal positive pressure ventilation in patients with severe COPD. Chest 2000; 118 (6) 1582-1590
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 98 Clini E, Sturani C, Rossi A , et al; Rehabilitation and Chronic Care Study Group, Italian Association of Hospital Pulmonologists (AIPO). The Italian multicentre study on noninvasive ventilation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Eur Respir J 2002; 20 (3) 529-538
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 99 Clini E, Sturani C, Porta R , et al. Outcome of COPD patients performing nocturnal non-invasive mechanical ventilation. Respir Med 1998; 92 (10) 1215-1222
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 100 Kolodziej MA, Jensen L, Rowe B, Sin D. Systematic review of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in severe stable COPD. Eur Respir J 2007; 30 (2) 293-306
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 101 Wijkstra PJ, Lacasse Y, Guyatt GH , et al. A meta-analysis of nocturnal noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in patients with stable COPD. Chest 2003; 124 (1) 337-343
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 102 McEvoy RD, Pierce RJ, Hillman D , et al; Australian trial of non-invasive Ventilation in Chronic Airflow Limitation (AVCAL) Study Group. Nocturnal non-invasive nasal ventilation in stable hypercapnic COPD: a randomised controlled trial. Thorax 2009; 64 (7) 561-566
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 103 Struik FM, Sprooten RT, Kerstjens HA , et al. Nocturnal non-invasive ventilation in COPD patients with prolonged hypercapnia after ventilatory support for acute respiratory failure: a randomised, controlled, parallel-group study. Thorax 2014; 69 (9) 826-834
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 104 Windisch W, Kostić S, Dreher M, Virchow Jr JC, Sorichter S. Outcome of patients with stable COPD receiving controlled noninvasive positive pressure ventilation aimed at a maximal reduction of Pa(CO2). Chest 2005; 128 (2) 657-662
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 105 Windisch W, Haenel M, Storre JH, Dreher M. High-intensity non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for stable hypercapnic COPD. Int J Med Sci 2009; 6 (2) 72-76
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 106 Köhnlein T, Windisch W, Köhler D , et al. Non-invasive positive pressure ventilation for the treatment of severe stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a prospective, multicentre, randomised, controlled clinical trial. Lancet Respir Med 2014; 2 (9) 698-705
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 107 Maltais F, LeBlanc P, Jobin J , et al. Intensity of training and physiologic adaptation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 155 (2) 555-561
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 108 Stubbing DG, Pengelly LD, Morse JL, Jones NL. Pulmonary mechanics during exercise in subjects with chronic airflow obstruction. J Appl Physiol 1980; 49 (3) 511-515
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 109 Marini JJ. Ventilator-associated problems related to obstructive lung disease. Respir Care 2013; 58 (6) 938-949
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 110 Soo Hoo GW. Nonpharmacologic adjuncts to training during pulmonary rehabilitation: the role of supplemental oxygen and noninvasive ventilation. J Rehabil Res Dev 2003; 40 (5) (Suppl. 02) 81-97
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 111 van 't Hul A, Kwakkel G, Gosselink R. The acute effects of noninvasive ventilatory support during exercise on exercise endurance and dyspnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review. J Cardiopulm Rehabil 2002; 22 (4) 290-297
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 112 Toledo A, Borghi-Silva A, Sampaio LM, Ribeiro KP, Baldissera V, Costa D. The impact of noninvasive ventilation during the physical training in patients with moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2007; 62 (2) 113-120
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 113 Johnson JE, Gavin DJ, Adams-Dramiga S. Effects of training with heliox and noninvasive positive pressure ventilation on exercise ability in patients with severe COPD. Chest 2002; 122 (2) 464-472
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 114 Hawkins P, Johnson LC, Nikoletou D , et al. Proportional assist ventilation as an aid to exercise training in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax 2002; 57 (10) 853-859
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 115 Costes F, Agresti A, Court-Fortune I, Roche F, Vergnon JM, Barthélémy JC. Noninvasive ventilation during exercise training improves exercise tolerance in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. J Cardiopulm Rehabil 2003; 23 (4) 307-313
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 116 Borghi-Silva A, Mendes RG, Toledo AC , et al. Adjuncts to physical training of patients with severe COPD: oxygen or noninvasive ventilation?. Respir Care 2010; 55 (7) 885-894
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 117 Bianchi L, Foglio K, Pagani M, Vitacca M, Rossi A, Ambrosino N. Effects of proportional assist ventilation on exercise tolerance in COPD patients with chronic hypercapnia. Eur Respir J 1998; 11 (2) 422-427
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 118 Ricci C, Terzoni S, Gaeta M, Sorgente A, Destrebecq A, Gigliotti F. Physical training and noninvasive ventilation in COPD patients: a meta-analysis. Respir Care 2014; 59 (5) 709-717
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 119 Garrod R, Mikelsons C, Paul EA, Wedzicha JA. Randomized controlled trial of domiciliary noninvasive positive pressure ventilation and physical training in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2000; 162 (4, Pt 1) 1335-1341
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 120 Duiverman ML, Wempe JB, Bladder G , et al. Nocturnal non-invasive ventilation in addition to rehabilitation in hypercapnic patients with COPD. Thorax 2008; 63 (12) 1052-1057
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 121 Duiverman ML, Wempe JB, Bladder G , et al. Two-year home-based nocturnal noninvasive ventilation added to rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients: a randomized controlled trial. Respir Res 2011; 12: 112
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 122 Porszasz J, Cao R, Morishige R, van Eykern LA, Stenzler A, Casaburi R. Physiologic effects of an ambulatory ventilation system in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2013; 188 (3) 334-342
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 123 Carlucci A, Richard JC, Wysocki M, Lepage E, Brochard L ; SRLF Collaborative Group on Mechanical Ventilation. Noninvasive versus conventional mechanical ventilation. An epidemiologic survey. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 163 (4) 874-880
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 124 Bierer GB, Soo Hoo GW. Noninvasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure: a national survey of Veterans Affairs hospitals. Respir Care 2009; 54 (10) 1313-1320
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 125 Burns KE, Sinuff T, Adhikari NK , et al. Bilevel noninvasive positive pressure ventilation for acute respiratory failure: survey of Ontario practice. Crit Care Med 2005; 33 (7) 1477-1483
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar