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Aktuelle Ernährungsmedizin 2015; 40(06): 389-408
DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1552782
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© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Potenzial körperlicher Aktivität in Prävention und Therapie chronischer Erkrankungen

Capability of Physical Activity in Prevention and Therapy of Chronic Diseases
J. Wiskemann
Abteilung Medizinische Onkologie, Nationales Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen (NCT) und Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg
,
B. Friedmann-Bette
Abteilung Medizinische Onkologie, Nationales Centrum für Tumorerkrankungen (NCT) und Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg
› Author Affiliations
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Publication History

Publication Date:
17 December 2015 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Systematische körperliche Aktivität stellt eines der potentesten „Medikamente“ für die Prävention und Behandlung chronischer Erkrankungen dar. Metaanalysen beobachtender Studien zeigen, dass die Inzidenz von Herz-Kreislauf-, Stoffwechsel-, Krebs- und psychischen Erkrankungen invers mit dem körperlichen Aktivitäts- oder Fitnessniveau assoziiert ist. Diese Beziehung konnte auch bei der allgemeinen Sterblichkeit als auch für spezifische Mortalität in Krankheitsbildern wie koronare Herzkrankheit, Herzinfarkt, Herzinsuffizienz, Diabetes mellitus, Brust-, Darm- und Prostatakrebs nachgewiesen werden. Darüber hinaus belegen viele klinische Studien die sehr große Bedeutung von körperlichem Training beim Management von krankheits- und therapiebedingten Nebenwirkungen. Die klinisch relevante Reduktion der arteriellen Hypertonie, der krebsbedingten Fatigue, von HbA1c-Werten (HbA1c: Glykohämoglobin), Schmerzen und des Sturzrisikos stellen nur eine Auswahl dar. Zudem führt ein körperliches Training zu einer verbesserten Stimmungslage und steigert die Lebensqualität.

Abstract

Structured physical activity is one of the most potent “drugs” in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. Meta-analyses of observational studies show that the incidence of cardiovascular as well as metabolic and cancer diseases is inversely associated to physical activity respectively fitness. This association could also be proven for general and disease-related mortality regarding coronary heart disease, cardiac infarction, heart insufficiency, diabetes mellitus as well as breast, colon and prostate cancer.

Moreover, many clinical trials show the importance of physical training with regard to the management of disease and therapy related side effects. Clinical relevant reduction of arterial hypertension, cancer-related fatigue, HbA1c, pain and risk for falling are only a selection of beneficial impacts. Furthermore physical training leads to an improved mood and ameliorates the quality of life.

Schlüsselwörter

Bewegung - Training - Fitness - kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen - Stoffwechselerkrankungen - Onkologie - psychiatrische Erkrankungen

Keywords

physical activity - exercise - fitness - cardiovascular diseases - metabolic diseases - oncology - psychiatric diseases
 

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