RSS-Feed abonnieren
DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1341517
Komorbiditäten der Migräne: praktische Behandlungskonsequenzen
Comorbidities of Migraine: Practical Advice for ManagementPublikationsverlauf
Publikationsdatum:
14. Mai 2013 (online)
![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/aktneu/201304/lookinside/thumbnails/10.1055-s-0033-1341517-1.jpg)
Zusammenfassung
Es gibt eine Vielzahl von somatischen und psychiatrischen Komorbiditäten, welche mit einer Migräne mit und ohne Aura, teilweise auch in erheblich unterschiedlichem Maße, assoziiert sind. An erster Stelle stehen hier bei den somatischen Komorbiditäten die vaskulären Erkrankungen, wie die arterielle Hypertonie oder auch die koronare Herzerkrankung mit ischämischen Ereignissen, ebenso wie chronische Schmerzsyndrome, insbesondere der chronische Rückenschmerz. Führend bei den psychiatrischen Komorbiditäten sind Depressionen und Angsterkrankungen. Die Kenntnis dieser Komorbiditäten ist von elementarer Bedeutung, da sich aus ihr relevante Konsequenzen für den Einsatz oder Nicht-Einsatz bestimmter Medikamente in der Therapie akuter Migräneattacken und auch in der Migräneprophylaxe ergeben.
Abstract
There is a variety of physical and psychiatric comorbidities that are to significantly different extents associated with migraine with and without aura. Regarding the physical comorbidities, vascular diseases including arterial hypertension and coronary artery disease, resulting in ischaemic events, and furthermore chronic pain in general with chronic back pain are frequently occurring comorbidities. Depression and anxiety disorders represent the largest proportion when the psychiatric comorbidities are concerned. Profound knowledge of these comorbidities is essential in order to decide whether or not to use certain medications in treating acute migraine attacks or as a long-term migraine prophylaxis.
-
Literatur
- 1 Le H, Tfelt-Hansen P, Russell MB et al. Co-morbidity of migraine with somatic disease in a large population-based study. Cephalalgia 2011; 31: 43-64
- 2 Hagen K, Stovner LJ, Vatten L et al. Blood pressure and risk of headache: a prospective study of 22 685 adults in Norway. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002; 72: 463-466
- 3 Rasmussen BK, Olesen J. Symptomatic and nonsymptomatic headaches in a general population. Neurology 1992; 42: 1225-1231
- 4 Gudmundsson LS, Thorgeirsson G, Sigfusson N et al. Migraine patients have lower systolic but higher diastolic blood pressure compared with controls in a population-based study of 21 537 subjects. The Reykjavik Study. Cephalalgia 2006; 26: 436-444
- 5 Bigal ME, Kurth T, Santanello N et al. Migraine and cardiovascular disease: a population-based study. Neurology 2010; 74: 628-635
- 6 Nilsen KB, Tronvik E, Sand T et al. Increased baroreflex sensitivity and heart rate variability in migraine patients. Acta Neurol Scand 2009; 120: 418-423
- 7 Sacco S, Ricci S, Carolei A. Migraine and vascular diseases: A review of the evidence and potential implications for management. Cephalalgia 2012; 32: 785-795
- 8 Dahlof B, Devereux RB, Kjeldsen SE et al. Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension study (LIFE): a randomised trial against atenolol. Lancet 2002; 359: 995-1003
- 9 Diener HC, Gendolla A, Feuersenger A et al. Telmisartan in migraine prophylaxis: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Cephalalgia 2009; 29: 921-927
- 10 Schrader H, Stovner LJ, Helde G et al. Prophylactic treatment of migraine with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (lisinopril): randomised, placebo controlled, crossover study. BMJ 2001; 322: 19-22
- 11 Yusuf S, Sleight P, Pogue J et al. Effects of an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 145-153
- 12 Milhaud D, Bogousslavsky J, van Melle G et al. Ischemic stroke and active migraine. Neurology 2001; 57: 1805-1811
- 13 Sochurkova D, Moreau T, Lemesle M et al. Migraine history and migraine-induced stroke in the Dijon stroke registry. Neuroepidemiology 1999; 18: 85-91
- 14 Olesen J, Friberg L, Olsen TS et al. Ischaemia-induced (symptomatic) migraine attacks may be more frequent than migraine-induced ischaemic insults. Brain 1993; 116: 187-202
- 15 Tentschert S, Wimmer R, Greisenegger S et al. Headache at stroke onset in 2196 patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack. Stroke 2005; 36: e1-e3
- 16 Buring JE, Hebert P, Romero J et al. Migraine and subsequent risk of stroke in the Physicians’ Health Study. Arch Neurol 1995; 52: 129-134
- 17 Kurth T, Slomke MA, Kase CS et al. Migraine, headache, and the risk of stroke in women: a prospective study. Neurology 2005; 64: 1020-1026
- 18 Stang PE, Carson AP, Rose KM et al. Headache, cerebrovascular symptoms, and stroke: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Neurology 2005; 64: 1573-1577
- 19 Etminan M, Takkouche B, Isorna FC et al. Risk of ischaemic stroke in people with migraine: systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. BMJ 2005; 330: 63
- 20 Schurks M, Rist PM, Bigal ME et al. Migraine and cardiovascular disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2009; 339: b3914
- 21 Spector JT, Kahn SR, Jones MR et al. Migraine headache and ischemic stroke risk: an updated meta-analysis. Am J Med 2010; 123: 612-624
- 22 Kurth T, Schurks M, Logroscino G et al. Migraine frequency and risk of cardiovascular disease in women. Neurology 2009; 73: 581-588
- 23 Lidegaard O. Oral contraceptives, pregnancy and the risk of cerebral thromboembolism: the influence of diabetes, hypertension, migraine and previous thrombotic disease. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 1995; 102: 153-159
- 24 Tzourio C, Tehindrazanarivelo A, Iglesias S et al. Case-control study of migraine and risk of ischaemic stroke in young women. BMJ 1995; 310: 830-833
- 25 MacClellan LR, Giles W, Cole J et al. Probable migraine with visual aura and risk of ischemic stroke: the stroke prevention in young women study. Stroke 2007; 38: 2438-2445
- 26 Kurth T, Schurks M, Logroscino G et al. Migraine, vascular risk, and cardiovascular events in women: prospective cohort study. BMJ 2008; 337: a636
- 27 Scher AI, Terwindt GM, Verschuren WM et al. Migraine and MTHFR C677T genotype in a population-based sample. Ann Neurol 2006; 59: 372-375
- 28 Schurks M, Zee RY, Buring JE et al. Interrelationships among the MTHFR 677C>T polymorphism, migraine, and cardiovascular disease. Neurology 2008; 71: 505-513
- 29 Rist PM, Buring JE, Kase CS et al. Migraine and functional outcome from ischemic cerebral events in women. Circulation 2010; 122: 2551-2557
- 30 Kruit MC, van Buchem MA, Hofman PA et al. Migraine as a risk factor for subclinical brain lesions. Jama 2004; 291: 427-434
- 31 Kruit MC, Launer LJ, Ferrari MD et al. Brain stem and cerebellar hyperintense lesions in migraine. Stroke 2006; 37: 1109-1112
- 32 Kurth T, Mohamed S, Maillard P et al. Headache, migraine, and structural brain lesions and function: population based Epidemiology of Vascular Ageing-MRI study. BMJ 2011; 342: c7357
- 33 Laurell K, Artto V, Bendtsen L et al. Migrainous infarction: a Nordic multicenter study. Eur J Neurol 2011; 18: 1220-1226
- 34 Rist PM, Diener HC, Kurth T et al. Migraine, migraine aura, and cervical artery dissection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cephalalgia 2011; 31: 886-896
- 35 Duyff RF, Snijders CJ, Vanneste JA. Spontaneous bilateral internal carotid artery dissection and migraine: a potential diagnostic delay. Headache 1997; 37: 109-112
- 36 Wammes-van der Heijden EA, Rahimtoola H, Leufkens HG et al. Risk of ischemic complications related to the intensity of triptan and ergotamine use. Neurology 2006; 67: 1128-1134
- 37 Diener HC, Hartung E, Chrubasik J et al. A comparative study of oral acetylsalicyclic acid and metoprolol for the prophylactic treatment of migraine. A randomized, controlled, double-blind, parallel group phase III study. Cephalalgia 2001; 21: 120-128
- 38 Bensenor IM, Cook NR, Lee IM et al. Low-dose aspirin for migraine prophylaxis in women. Cephalalgia 2001; 21: 175-183
- 39 Wilmshurst PT, Nightingale S, Walsh KP et al. Clopidogrel reduces migraine with aura after transcatheter closure of persistent foramen ovale and atrial septal defects. Heart 2005; 91: 1173-1175
- 40 Silberstein SD. Practice parameter: evidence-based guidelines for migraine headache (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2000; 55: 754-762
- 41 Diener HC, Kurth T, Dodick D. Patent foramen ovale, stroke, and cardiovascular disease in migraine. Curr Opin Neurol 2007; 20: 310-319
- 42 Dowson A, Mullen MJ, Peatfield R et al. Migraine Intervention With STARFlex Technology (MIST) trial: a prospective, multicenter, double-blind, sham-controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of patent foramen ovale closure with STARFlex septal repair implant to resolve refractory migraine headache. Circulation 2008; 117: 1397-1404
- 43 Nozari A, Dilekoz E, Sukhotinsky I et al. Microemboli may link spreading depression, migraine aura, and patent foramen ovale. Ann Neurol 2010; 67: 221-229
- 44 Furlan AJ, Reisman M, Massaro J et al. Closure or medical therapy for cryptogenic stroke with patent foramen ovale. N Engl J Med 2012; 366: 991-999
- 45 Chang CL, Donaghy M, Poulter N. Migraine and stroke in young women: case-control study. The World Health Organisation Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Disease and Steroid Hormone Contraception. BMJ 1999; 318: 13-18
- 46 Kurth T, Kase CS, Schurks M et al. Migraine and risk of haemorrhagic stroke in women: prospective cohort study. BM Jj 2010; 341: c3659
- 47 Bushnell CD, Jamison M, James AH. Migraines during pregnancy linked to stroke and vascular diseases: US population based case-control study. BMJ 2009; 338: b664
- 48 Uyarel H, Erden I, Cam N. Acute migraine attack, angina-like chest pain with documented ST-segment elevation and slow coronary flow. Acta Cardiol 2005; 60: 221-223
- 49 Breslau N, Davis GC, Schultz LR et al. Joint 1994 Wolff Award Presentation. Migraine and major depression: a longitudinal study. Headache 1994; 34: 387-393
- 50 Zwart JA, Dyb G, Hagen K et al. Depression and anxiety disorders associated with headache frequency. The Nord-Trondelag Health Study. Eur J Neurol 2003; 10: 147-152
- 51 Kalaydjian A, Merikangas K. Physical and mental comorbidity of headache in a nationally representative sample of US adults. Psychosom Med 2008; 70: 773-780
- 52 Victor TW, Hu X, Campbell J et al. Association between migraine, anxiety and depression. Cephalalgia 2010; 30: 567-575
- 53 Antonaci F, Nappi G, Galli F et al. Migraine and psychiatric comorbidity: a review of clinical findings. J Headache Pain 2011; 12: 115-125
- 54 Peterlin BL, Rosso AL, Sheftell FD et al. Post-traumatic stress disorder, drug abuse and migraine: new findings from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R). Cephalalgia 2011; 31: 235-244
- 55 Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O et al. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005; 62: 593-602
- 56 Odegard SS, Engstrom M, Sand T et al. Associations between sleep disturbance and primary headaches: the third Nord-Trondelag Health Study. J Headache Pain 2010; 11: 197-206
- 57 Kelman L, Rains JC. Headache and sleep: examination of sleep patterns and complaints in a large clinical sample of migraineurs. Headache 2005; 45: 904-910
- 58 Strine TW, Chapman DP, Balluz LS. Population-based US study of severe headaches in adults: psychological distress and comorbidities. Headache 2006; 46: 223-232
- 59 Lyngberg AC, Rasmussen BK, Jorgensen T et al. Has the prevalence of migraine and tension-type headache changed over a 12-year period? A Danish population survey. Eur J Epidemiol 2005; 20: 243-249
- 60 Sjaastad O, Pettersen H, Bakketeig LS. The Vaga study; epidemiology of headache I: the prevalence of ultrashort paroxysms. Cephalalgia 2001; 21: 207-215
- 61 Isong U, Gansky SA, Plesh O. Temporomandibular joint and muscle disorder-type pain in U.S. adults: the National Health Interview Survey. J Orofac Pain 2008; 22: 317-322
- 62 Ciancaglini R, Radaelli G. The relationship between headache and symptoms of temporomandibular disorder in the general population. J Dent 2001; 29: 93-98
- 63 Storm C, Wanman A. A two-year follow-up study of temporomandibular disorders in a female Sami population: validation of cases and controls as predicted by questionnaire. Acta Odontol Scand 2007; 65: 341-347
- 64 Goncalves DA, Speciali JG, Jales LC et al. Temporomandibular symptoms, migraine, and chronic daily headaches in the population. Neurology 2009; 73: 645-646
- 65 de Tommaso M, Federici A, Serpino C et al. Clinical features of headache patients with fibromyalgia comorbidity. J Headache Pain 2011; 12: 629-638
- 66 Evans RW, de Tommaso M. Migraine and fibromyalgia. Headache 2011; 51: 295-299
- 67 de Tommaso M, Sardaro M, Serpino C et al. Fibromyalgia comorbidity in primary headaches. Cephalalgia 2009; 29: 453-464
- 68 Schur EA, Afari N, Furberg H et al. Feeling bad in more ways than one: comorbidity patterns of medically unexplained and psychiatric conditions. J Gen Intern Med 2007; 22: 818-821
- 69 Hauser W, Wolfe F, Tolle T et al. The role of antidepressants in the management of fibromyalgia syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. CNS Drugs 2012; 26: 297-307
- 70 Sommer C, Hauser W, Alten R et al. Drug therapy of fibromyalgia syndrome. Systematic review, meta-analysis and guideline. Schmerz 2012; 26: 297-310
- 71 Ravindran MK, Zheng Y, Timbol C et al. Migraine headaches in chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS): comparison of two prospective cross-sectional studies. BMC Neurol 2011; 11: 30
- 72 Davis JA, Robinson RL, Le TK et al. Incidence and impact of pain conditions and comorbid illnesses. J Pain Res 2011; 4: 331-345
- 73 Lempert T, Neuhauser H. Epidemiology of vertigo, migraine and vestibular migraine. J Neurol 2009; 256: 333-338
- 74 Neuhauser HK, Radtke A, von Brevern M et al. Migrainous vertigo: prevalence and impact on quality of life. Neurology 2006; 67: 1028-1033
- 75 Neuhauser H, Leopold M, von Brevern M et al. The interrelations of migraine, vertigo, and migrainous vertigo. Neurology 2001; 56: 436-441
- 76 Kuritzky A, Ziegler DK, Hassanein R. Vertigo, motion sickness and migraine. Headache 1981; 21: 227-231
- 77 Neuhauser HK. Epidemiology of vertigo. Curr Opin Neurol 2007; 20: 40-46
- 78 Albera R, Ciuffolotti R, Di Cicco M et al. Double-blind, randomized, multicenter study comparing the effect of betahistine and flunarizine on the dizziness handicap in patients with recurrent vestibular vertigo. Acta Otolaryngol 2003; 123: 588-593
- 79 Oosterveld WJ. Flunarizine in vertigo. A double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over evaluation of a constant-dose schedule. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec 1982; 44: 72-80
- 80 Maione A. Migraine-related vertigo: diagnostic criteria and prophylactic treatment. Laryngoscope 2006; 116: 1782-1786
- 81 Ibekwe TS, Fasunla JA, Ibekwe PU et al. Migraine and Meniere’s disease: two different phenomena with frequently observed concomitant occurrences. J Natl Med Assoc 2008; 100: 334-338
- 82 Gopen Q, Viirre E, Anderson J. Epidemiologic study to explore links between Meniere syndrome and migraine headache. Ear Nose Throat J 2009; 88: 1200-1204
- 83 Dash AK, Panda N, Khandelwal G et al. Migraine and audiovestibular dysfunction: is there a correlation?. Am J Otolaryngol 2008; 29: 295-299
- 84 Anderman E, Anderman F. Migraine-epilepsy relationship: epidemiological and genetic aspects. In: Anderman F, Lugaresi E. Hrsg Migraine and Epilepsy. Boston: Butterworths; 1987: 281-291
- 85 Karaali-Savrun F, Goksan B, Yeni SN et al. Seizure-related headache in patients with epilepsy. Seizure 2002; 11: 67-69
- 86 Marks DA, Ehrenberg BL. Migraine-related seizures in adults with epilepsy, with EEG correlation. Neurology 1993; 43: 2476-2483
- 87 Velioglu SK, Ozmenoglu M. Migraine-related seizures in an epileptic population. Cephalalgia 1999; 19: 797-801 discussion 766
- 88 Piccinelli P, Borgatti R, Nicoli F et al. Relationship between migraine and epilepsy in pediatric age. Headache 2006; 46: 413-421
- 89 Ludvigsson P, Hesdorffer D, Olafsson E et al. Migraine with aura is a risk factor for unprovoked seizures in children. Ann Neurol 2006; 59: 210-213
- 90 Leniger T, von den Driesch S, Isbruch K et al. Clinical characteristics of patients with comorbidity of migraine and epilepsy. Headache 2003; 43: 672-677
- 91 De Simone R, Ranieri A, Marano E et al. Migraine and epilepsy: clinical and pathophysiological relations. Neurol Sci 2007; 28 (Suppl. 02) S150-S155
- 92 Bigal ME, Lipton RB, Cohen J et al. Epilepsy and migraine. Epilepsy Behav 2003; 4 (Suppl. 02) S13-S24
- 93 Zaccara G. Neurological comorbidity and epilepsy: implications for treatment. Acta Neurol Scand 2009; 120: 1-15
- 94 Cannon PR, Larner AJ. Migraine and restless legs syndrome: is there an association?. J Headache Pain 2011; 12: 405-409
- 95 Rhode AM, Hosing VG, Happe S et al. Comorbidity of migraine and restless legs syndrome – a case-control study. Cephalalgia 2007; 27: 1255-1260
- 96 Chen PK, Fuh JL, Chen SP et al. Association between restless legs syndrome and migraine. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2010; 81: 524-528
- 97 Schurks M, Winter AC, Berger K et al. Migraine and restless legs syndrome in women. Cephalalgia 2012; 32: 382-389
- 98 Biary N, Koller W, Langenberg P. Correlation between essential tremor and migraine headache. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1990; 53: 1060-1062
- 99 Stone J, Foulkes A, Adamson K et al. Thyrotoxicosis presenting with headache. Cephalalgia 2007; 27: 561-562
- 100 Prichard BN, McDevitt DG, Shanks RG. Uses of beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs. J R Coll Physicians Lond 1976; 11: 35-57
- 101 Tietjen GE, Herial NA, Hardgrove J et al. Migraine comorbidity constellations. Headache 2007; 47: 857-865
- 102 Tsiropoulos I, Andersen M, Hallas J. Adverse events with use of antiepileptic drugs: a prescription and event symmetry analysis. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2009; 18: 483-491
- 103 Bigal ME, Liberman JN, Lipton RB. Obesity and migraine: a population study. Neurology 2006; 66: 545-550
- 104 Winter AC, Berger K, Buring JE et al. Body mass index, migraine, migraine frequency and migraine features in women. Cephalalgia 2009; 29: 269-278
- 105 Scher AI, Stewart WF, Ricci JA et al. Factors associated with the onset and remission of chronic daily headache in a population-based study. Pain 2003; 106: 81-89
- 106 Ford ES, Li C, Pearson WS et al. Body mass index and headaches: findings from a national sample of US adults. Cephalalgia 2008; 28: 1270-1276
- 107 Recober A, Goadsby PJ. Calcitonin gene-related peptide: A molecular link between obesity and migraine?. Drug News Perspect 2010; 23: 112-117
- 108 Peterlin BL, Alexander G, Tabby D et al. Oligomerization state-dependent elevations of adiponectin in chronic daily headache. Neurology 2008; 70: 1905-1911
- 109 Peterlin BL. The role of the adipocytokines adiponectin and leptin in migraine. J Am Osteopath Assoc 2009; 109: 314-317
- 110 Mohamed-Ali V, Goodrick S, Rawesh A et al. Subcutaneous adipose tissue releases interleukin-6, but not tumor necrosis factor-alpha, in vivo. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997; 82: 4196-4200
- 111 Baranowska B, Wolinska-Witort E, Martynska L et al. Plasma orexin A, orexin B, leptin, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and insulin in obese women. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2005; 26: 293-296
- 112 Alstadhaug KB. Migraine and the hypothalamus. Cephalalgia 2009; 29: 809-817
- 113 Bond DS, Vithiananthan S, Nash JM et al. Improvement of migraine headaches in severely obese patients after bariatric surgery. Neurology 2011; 76: 1135-1138
- 114 Novack V, Fuchs L, Lantsberg L et al. Changes in headache frequency in premenopausal obese women with migraine after bariatric surgery: a case series. Cephalalgia 2011; 31: 1336-1342
- 115 Hershey AD, Powers SW, Nelson TD et al. Obesity in the pediatric headache population: a multicenter study. Headache 2009; 49: 170-177
- 116 Kurth T, Holtmann G, Neufang-Huber J et al. Prevalence of unexplained upper abdominal symptoms in patients with migraine. Cephalalgia 2006; 26: 506-510
- 117 Artto V, Wessman M, Nissila M et al. Comorbidity in Finnish migraine families. J Headache Pain 2006; 7: 324-330
- 118 Meucci G, Radaelli F, Prada A et al. Increased prevalence of migraine in patients with uninvestigated dyspepsia referred for open-access upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Endoscopy 2005; 37: 622-625
- 119 Boccia G, Del Giudice E, Crisanti AF et al. Functional gastrointestinal disorders in migrainous children: efficacy of flunarizine. Cephalalgia 2006; 26: 1214-1219
- 120 Gazquez I, Soto-Varela A, Aran I et al. High prevalence of systemic autoimmune diseases in patients with Meniere’s disease. PLoS One 2011; 6: e26759
- 121 Appenzeller S, Costallat LT. Clinical implications of migraine in systemic lupus erythematosus: relation to cumulative organ damage. Cephalalgia 2004; 24: 1024-1030
- 122 Tjensvoll AB, Harboe E, Goransson LG et al. Migraine is frequent in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a case-control study. Cephalalgia 2011; 31: 401-408
- 123 Buse DC, Manack A, Serrano D et al. Sociodemographic and comorbidity profiles of chronic migraine and episodic migraine sufferers. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2010; 81: 428-432
- 124 Chen YC, Tang CH, Ng K et al. Comorbidity profiles of chronic migraine sufferers in a national database in Taiwan. J Headache Pain 2012; 13: 311-319
- 125 Aamodt AH, Stovner LJ, Langhammer A et al. Is headache related to asthma, hay fever, and chronic bronchitis? The Head-HUNT Study. Headache 2007; 47: 204-212
- 126 Davey G, Sedgwick P, Maier W et al. Association between migraine and asthma: matched case-control study. Br J Gen Pract 2002; 52: 723-727
- 127 Theoharides TC, Donelan J, Kandere-Grzybowska K et al. The role of mast cells in migraine pathophysiology. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 2005; 49: 65-76
- 128 Brandes JL, Visser WH, Farmer MV et al. Montelukast for migraine prophylaxis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Headache 2004; 44: 581-586
- 129 Grzelewska-Rzymowska I, Bogucki A, Szmidt M et al. Migraine in aspirin-sensitive asthmatics. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 1985; 13: 13-16
- 130 MacGregor A. Estrogen replacement and migraine aura. Headache 1999; 39: 674-678
- 131 Kaplon DM, Penniston KL, Nakada SY. Patients with and without prior urolithiasis have hypocitraturia and incident kidney stones while on topiramate. Urology 2011; 77: 295-298
- 132 Huang CY, Keller JJ, Sheu JJ et al. Migraine and erectile dysfunction: evidence from a population-based case-control study. Cephalalgia 2012; 32: 366-372
- 133 Kwan KS, Roberts LJ, Swalm DM. Sexual dysfunction and chronic pain: the role of psychological variables and impact on quality of life. Eur J Pain 2005; 9: 643-652
- 134 Pembrey ME. Discordant identical twins. VI. Psoriasis and migraine. Practitioner 1972; 209: 846-850