Bewertung des Rotweinkonsums im Rahmen der mediterranen Ernährung – Eine systematische Literaturanalyse

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund Die mediterrane Ernährung (MedE) zeigte in mehreren Studien einen präventiven Effekt hinsichtlich Typ 2 Diabetes, kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen und Tumorerkrankungen. Zur MedE wird in der Regel ein mäßiger Konsum von Wein, speziell Rotwein, empfohlen, dem selbst ein kardioprotektiver Effekt zugesprochen wird. Jedoch zeigen zahlreiche Studien, dass schon kleine Mengen Alkohol das Krebsrisiko erhöhen können. In der vorliegenden Arbeit soll eine Übersicht zur aktuellen Datenlage zum Zusammenhang zwischen dem Alkoholkonsum im Rahmen einer MedE, dem Krebsrisiko sowie dem Risiko für kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen erstellt werden.

Methoden Im Rahmen einer systematischen Literaturrecherche in den Datenbanken PubMed und Scopus wurde nach den Schlagwörtern „diet, mediterranean“ und „alcohol drinking“ gesucht. Voraussetzung war, dass Angaben zur Art und Menge des konsumierten Alkohols im Rahmen der MedE vorlagen.

Ergebnisse Die Umsetzung der MedE kann sowohl das Risiko kardiometabolischer Erkrankungen als auch das Krebsrisiko u. a. für Brustkrebs senken. Moderater Alkoholkonsum zeigt protektive Effekte auf das Herz-Kreislauf-System, ist jedoch mit einem erhöhten Risiko für diverse Krebserkrankungen assoziiert. Mehrere Studien beschreiben eine Assoziation zwischen Alkoholkonsum und Brustkrebsinzidenz, wobei die Ergebnisse zwischen den Studien nicht einheitlich waren. Dabei kommt dem täglichen Glas Rotwein mit ca. 10–15 g Ethanol als vorherrschendem alkoholischen Getränk der Mittelmeerregion eine risikosenkende Wirkung zu.

Schlussfolgerung Moderater Konsum von Rotwein hat nach der vorliegenden systematischen Literaturanalyse, anders als andere alkoholische Getränke, einen protektiven Effekt auf kardiometabolische Erkrankungen und möglicherweise auch auf genetisch bedingten Brustkrebs, während der Konsum von anderen Alkoholgetränken die schützende Wirkung einer MedE möglicherweise reduziert.

Abstract

Background In several studies, the Mediterranean diet (MedD) showed a preventive effect on type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and malignancies. Within the MedD, moderate consumption of wine, especially red wine, is generally recommended, which itself has been attributed to a cardioprotective effect. However, numerous studies show that even small amounts of alcohol can increase the risk of cancer. In the present work, we present an overview of the current data on the relationship between alcohol consumption in the context of a MedD, cancer risk, and the risk of cardiovascular disease.

Methods By means of a systematic literature research in the databases PubMed and Scopus, the keywords “diet, Mediterranean” and “alcohol drinking” were searched. The precondition was that information on the type and amount of alcohol consumed as part of a MedD was available.

Results The implementation of the MedD can reduce both the risk of cardiometabolic diseases and the risk of several cancer entities, including breast cancer. Moderate alcohol consumption has protective effects on the cardiovascular system but also shows pro-cancerogenic effects. Many studies describe an association between alcohol consumption and breast cancer incidence, but the results between the studies were not consistent. Overall, studies show that the daily glass of red wine as the predominant alcoholic beverage in the Mediterranean region has a risk-reducing effect.

Conclusion According to the present systematic literature research, moderate consumption of red wine has, unlike other alcoholic beverages, a protective effect on cardiometabolic diseases and possibly also on hereditary breast cancer, whereas the consumption of other alcoholic beverages may reduce the protective effects of a MedD.

Schlüsselwörter

Mediterrane Ernährung - Alkohol - Brustkrebs - Prävention

Key words

Mediterranean diet - Alcohol - Breast cancer - Prevention

Publication History

Received: 06 October 2021

Accepted: 14 April 2022

Article published online:
07 October 2022

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