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DOI: 10.1055/a-1111-9566
Anti-amoebic Activity of Leaf Extracts and Aporphine Alkaloids Obtained from Annona purpurea
Gefördert durch: Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica (PAPIIT) 20170808, 20180092 and 20194908Gefördert durch: Institutional program “Nuevas alternativas para el tratamiento de enfermedades infecciosas” (NUATEI)
Gefördert durch: Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología 284830, INFRA-269012
Gefördert durch: Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado-IPN 20170808, 20180092 and 20194908
Publikationsverlauf
received 06. August 2019
revised 17. Januar 2020
accepted 26. Januar 2020
Publikationsdatum:
27. Februar 2020 (online)
![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/plantamedica/202006/lookinside/thumbnails/10-1055-a-1111-9566_pmd0673-1.jpg)
Abstract
Annona purpurea has been traditionally used by indigenous and socioeconomically disadvantaged people to treat infectious and parasitic diseases, including amoebiasis. The goal of this study was to assess the effect of a crude methanolic extract, an alkaloid extract, and aporphine alkaloids from leaves of A. purpurea on the viability of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite cultures and to identify the mechanism of action. Different concentrations of the extracts and alkaloids purpureine (1), 3-hydroxyglaucine (2), norpurpureine (3) glaziovine (4), and oxopurpureine (5) were added to the cultures, and dead parasites were counted after 24 h using a tetrazolium dye reduction assay and analyzed by flow cytometry. The crude extract did not affect the viability of amoebae, but the alkaloid extract and the derived alkaloid glaziovine (4) had important anti-amoebic activity with an IC50 of 33.5 µM compared to that shown by metronidazole (6.8 µM). The treatments induced significant morphological changes in the trophozoites, and most parasites killed by the alkaloid extract were positive for Annexin V, suggesting that apoptosis was the main mechanism of action. In contrast, glaziovine (4) induced less apoptosis with more amoebic lysis. This study supports the idea that aporphine alkaloids from A. purpurea, mainly (+)-(R)-glaziovine (4), could contribute to the development of new formulations for the treatment of amoebiasis. In addition, X-ray diffraction structural analysis and complete 1H and 13C NMR assignments of (+)-(R)-glaziovine (4) were performed and reported for the first time.
Key words
Entamoeba histolytica - Annona purpurea - Annonaceae - aporphine alkaloids - glaziovine - anti-amoebicSupporting Information
- Supporting Information
The mono- and bidimensional NMR spectra of (+)-(R)-glaziovine (4), its X-ray crystallographic information, and the dose-response curves that support IC50 calculation values of the alkaloids are available as Supporting Information.
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