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DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1123990
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Sphingolipide und deren medizinische Bedeutung
Sphingolipids and their medical impactPublication History
eingereicht: 17.6.2008
akzeptiert: 11.9.2008
Publication Date:
29 January 2009 (online)
![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/dmw/200906/lookinside/thumbnails/10.1055-s-0028-1123990-1.jpg)
Zusammenfassung
Sphingolipide sind bekannt für Ihre strukturgebende Funktion in Zellmembranen, haben aber auch Signaleigenschaften. Vor allem Sphingosin-1-phosphat (S1P) ist ein wichtiges extrazelluläres Signalmolekül, das fünf G-Protein-gekoppelte Zelloberflächenrezeptoren aktiviert und dadurch wichtige Körperfunktionen wie das kardiovaskuläre System, das Immunsystem, das Gehör und die Fertilität entscheidend beeinflussen. Die stringente Regulation von Rezeptor zugänglichem S1P, der Aufbau von Konzentrationsgradienten sowie das enge Zusammenspiel zwischen S1P und dessen Rezeptoren sind wichtige Voraussetzungen für eine Vielzahl von Prozessen. Pharmakologische und tierexperimentelle Studien haben gezeigt, dass die Beeinflussung von S1P-Konzentrationen in Blut und Organen sowie die veränderte Expression von S1P-Rezeptoren in bestimmten Zellsystemen Ursache, aber auch wirksames Gegenmittel von Krankheiten sein kann. Sphingolipide und deren Rezeptoren sind daher zunehmend Gegenstand medizinischer Forschung.
Summary
Sphingolipids are known to function as structural components in cell membranes, but they also have signalling properties. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), in particular, is an extracellular messenger that activates five G protein-coupled cell surface receptors, and regulates important physiological functions in the cardiovascular and immune system, in hearing, and fertility. Tight regulation of receptor-available S1P, establishment of concentration gradients and the close interplay between S1P and its receptors are necessary requirements in a multitude of processes. Pharmacological and genetic studies in animals have demonstrated that altered S1P concentrations in blood and organs, as well as mutated expression of S1P receptors in certain cell systems can be causative, but may also be efficacious medication in selected diseases. Sphingolipids and their receptors are, therefore, current targets for medical research.
Schlüsselwörter
Sphingosin-1-phosphat - Lymphozytenzirkulation - Lipoprotein - Sphingosinkinase - S1P-Lyase - Erythrozyt
Keywords
sphingosine 1-phosphate - lymphocyte circulation - lipoprotein - sphingosine kinase - S1P-lyase - erythrocyte
Literatur
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Dr. rer. nat. Markus H. Gräler
Institut für Immunologie, Medizinische
Hochschule Hannover OE 9422
Carl-Neuberg-Str.
1
30625 Hannover
Phone: 0511/532-9779
Fax: 0511/532-9783
Email: graeler.markus@mh-hannover.de