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Aktuelle Ernährungsmedizin 2024; 49(04): 318-332
DOI: 10.1055/a-2340-2207
CME-Fortbildung

Kochsalz in der Ernährung

Table salt in nutrition
Peter M. Jehle
,
Daniela R. Jehle
,
Julia Beckert
,
Maria Kauk
,
Undine Gaida
,
Anna M. Jehle
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Zusammenfassung

Natrium ist ein essenzieller Mineralstoff, der jedoch nur in begrenzter Menge zugeführt werden sollte. So zeigt die DEGS-Studie (DEGS: Deutsches Erwachsenen Gesundheitssurvey), die sich mit der Salzzufuhr der deutschen Bevölkerung beschäftigt, dass die mediane Speisesalzaufnahme bei 70% der Frauen und 80% der Männer deutlich über der Empfehlung der DGE (Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung) von 6 g pro Tag liegt. Auch die Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) empfiehlt in ihren Leitlinien einen Orientierungswert zur Salzaufnahme von 5 g pro Tag, was etwa einem Teelöffel entspricht. Kochsalz stellt einen wesentlichen Einflussfaktor der Blutdruckregulation und des Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-Systems (RAAS) dar. Das Verständnis dieser Regelkreise gewinnt zunehmend an Bedeutung, da die arterielle Hypertonie noch immer eine der wesentlichen Todesursachen weltweit darstellt. Hier kann bereits auf eine evidenzbasierte Datenlage zurückgegriffen werden, die eine schädliche Wirkung einer erhöhten Kochsalzzufuhr belegt. Gegenstand aktueller Forschung sind die Regulation der Salzspeicher in der Haut sowie die Beeinflussung des Mikrobioms im Darm durch Kochsalz.

Abstract

Sodium chloride, a vital mineral resource, should be consumed not too much. The DEGS-Study (German Adult Health Survey), which focuses on documenting the salt intake of the German population, shows that the median salt intake of 70% of the participating women and 80% of the men lies above the DGE’s (German Society for Nutrition) recommended daily dose of 6 g. The WHO similarly recommends a salt consumption of no more than 5 g per day (approximately a teaspoon of salt) as a target value in its guidelines. Salt plays an important role in regulating the renin angiotensin pathway (also known as the RAA pathway), which, in turn, maintains volume, sodium chloride and blood pressure homeostasis within the body. Understanding this process becomes increasingly important, as arterial hypertension is still a significant cause of death worldwide. The data of numerous large, randomized, controlled studies is evidence for the harmful effects of a high sodium chloride consumption on the human body. Current research is focused on further understanding the regulation of salt depots in the skin as well as the effect of sodium chloride on the microbiome of the intestinal tract.

Schlüsselwörter

Kochsalz - Natrium - Chlorid - Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-System - Hypertonie - SGLT-2 - Mikrobiom

Keywords

Salt - sodium - chloride - Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteron-System - hypertension - SGLT-2 - microbiome


Publication History

Article published online:
26 August 2024

© 2024. Thieme. All rights reserved.

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