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DOI: 10.1055/a-1842-4283
Frühe Herzklappentherapie bei asymptomatischen Patienten – was gilt schon jetzt?
Asymptomatic Patients with Valvular Heart Disease – What is Already Known?Zusammenfassung
Bei einer asymptomatischen hochgradigen Aortenklappenstenose (AS) mit normaler linksventrikulärer Funktion sollte eine „Watchful-Waiting“-Strategie verfolgt werden. Asymptomatische Patienten mit Risikofaktoren, wie sehr schwere AS, schwere kalzifizierter AS oder 3-fach erhöhtem proBNP-Level, können bei niedrigem operativem Risiko eine Intervention erhalten. Erste randomisierte Studien weisen auf einen Vorteil des frühzeitigen Aortenklappenersatzes bei niedrigem OP-Risiko hin.
Für Patienten mit einer asymptomatischen hochgradigen Aortenklappeninsuffizienz sollte bei niedrigem operativem Risiko bereits frühzeitig eine OP erwogen werden, wenn sich Zeichen der linksventrikulären Schädigung zeigen.
Bei asymptomatischer primärer Mitralklappeninsuffizienz (MI) kann die chirurgische Mitralklappenrekonstruktion bereits vor dem Auftreten einer linksventrikulären Dilatation oder anderweitigen Folgeschäden erwogen werden, falls mit einer hohen Rekonstruktionswahrscheinlichkeit zu rechnen ist.
Abstract
In general, a “watchful-waiting” strategy is the treatment strategy in patients with an asymptomatic high-grade aortic valve (AS) and normal left ventricular function. For patients with risk factors such as very severe AS, severe calcified AS, or 3-fold elevated proBNP level, aortic valve replacement may already be considered in the asymptomatic phase if the operative risk is low. Initial randomized trials indicate a benefit of early aortic valve replacement in asymptomatic patients with low operative risk.
In patients with asymptomatic high-grade aortic valve regurgitation, surgery should be considered early when signs of left ventricular damage are evident and the operative risk is low.
Apart from a close clinical and echocardiographic follow-up, asymptomatic patients with severe primary mitral regurgitation and normal left ventricular function and dimension, can be considered for surgical mitral valve repair, when performed at a Heart Valve Center and a durable repair is likely.
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Die ESC/EACTS-Leitlinie 2021 empfiehlt weiterhin eine „Watchful-Waiting“-Strategie bei asymptomatischer hochgradiger Aortenklappenstenose mit normaler linksventrikulärer Funktion.
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Bei Vorliegen von Risikofaktoren für ein schlechtes klinisches Outcome kann bei niedrigem operativem Risiko und asymptomatischer Aortenklappenstenose eine Intervention erwogen werden.
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Bei einer asymptomatischen Aortenklappeninsuffizienz sollte bei niedrigem operativem Risiko bereits frühzeitig eine Operation erwogen werden, wenn sich eine linksventrikuläre Dilatation oder gering reduzierte linksventrikuläre Ejektionsfraktion zeigt.
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Im Falle der asymptomatischen primären Mitralklappeninsuffizienz kann die chirurgische Mitralklappenrekonstruktion bereits vor dem Auftreten einer linksventrikulären Dilatation erwogen werden, falls mit einer hohen Rekonstruktionswahrscheinlichkeit zu rechnen ist.
Schlüsselwörter
Herzklappenvitien - Aortenklappenstenose - Mitralklappeninsuffizienz - Trikuspidalklappeninsuffizienz - Aortenklappeninsuffizienz - asymptomatischKeywords
valvular heart disease - aortic valve stenosis - mitral valve regurgitation - tricuspid regurgitation - aortic regurgitation - asymptomaticPublication History
Article published online:
05 October 2022
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