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Gesundheitswesen 2019; 81(05): 405-412
DOI: 10.1055/a-0602-4382
Originalarbeit
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Stadtteildeprivation und Lebensmittelumwelt: Zusammenhänge von sozialen und baulichen Merkmalen der Wohnumgebung und Lebensmittelverfügbarkeit

Neighbourhood deprivation and community nutrition environment: associations between the social and built environment and food availability
Toni Latawitz
1   Forschungs- und Transferzentrum an der HTWK, Soziales und Gesundheit, Leipzig
,
Ulrike Spielau
2   Integriertes Forschungs- und Behandlungszentrum (IFB) AdipositasErkrankungen, Universitätsmedizin Leipzig, Leipzig
,
Tobias Lipek
3   Klinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Department für Frauen- und Kindermedizin und Pädiatrisches Forschungszentrum (CPL), Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Universitätsmedizin Leipzig, Leipzig
,
Ruth Gausche
4   CrescNet Wachstumsnetzwerk, Universitätsmedizin Leipzig, Leipzig
,
Martina Lück
5   Medizinische Fakultät, Universitätsmedizin Leipzig, Leipzig
,
Wieland Kiess
6   Department für Frauen und Kindermedizin, Universitätsklinikum für Kinder und Jugendliche, Leipzig
,
Gesine Grande
7   Hochschule für Technik, Wirtschaft und Kultur Leipzig, Leipzig
,
Ulrike Igel
1   Forschungs- und Transferzentrum an der HTWK, Soziales und Gesundheit, Leipzig
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
16 May 2018 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Ziel der Studie Ernährungsgewohnheiten werden maßgeblich durch den individuellen Sozialstatus beeinflusst. Unklar ist, welcher Zusammenhang zwischen der Wohnumgebung und Lebensmittelverfügbarkeit besteht. Ziel der Studie war es, die Lebensmittelumwelt in sozial und baulich verschiedenen Stadtteilen zu untersuchen.

Methodik Anhand offizieller Daten der Stadt Leipzig wurden 3 exemplarische Stadtteile ausgewählt, die sich hinsichtlich ihrer sozialen (2 depriviert, 1 privilegiert) und baulichen Struktur (2 Altbau, 1 Plattenbau) unterscheiden. Über Feldbeobachtungen wurden alle Lebensmittelanbieter kartiert und kategorisiert.

Ergebnisse Soziale und bauliche Merkmale sind mit der Lebensmittelverfügbarkeit assoziiert. Der Anteil an Fast-Food-Anbietern ist in den deprivierten Gebieten mehr als doppelt so hoch als im privilegierten Vergleichsgebiet (25%, 30,4% vs. 13,5%). Altbauquartiere verfügen über eine 70% höhere Angebotsvielfalt als das Plattenbaugebiet.

Schlussfolgerung Die erhöhte Verfügbarkeit von ungesunden Lebensmitteln in deprivierten Gebieten kann zur Entstehung von Adipositas beitragen. Präventionsmaßnahmen sollten den räumlichen und sozialen Kontext berücksichtigen.

Abstract

Summary Objective Eating habits are influenced by individual socioeconomic status (SES). As the association between neighbourhood characteristics and food availability is still unclear, we investigated the community nutrition environment in different neighbourhoods.

Methods Using official data of the city of Leipzig, we selected three neighbourhoods which differed in terms of their social (2 deprived vs. 1 affluent) and built (1 large housing estates vs. 2 historic buildings) environment. Data on food outlets were assessed via direct observation (ground truthing).

Results Social and residential environment characteristics are associated with food availability. The proportion of fast food outlets is higher in deprived neighbourhoods compared to the affluent one (25%, 30.4% vs. 13.5%). Neighbourhoods with historic buildings offer a greater variety of food outlets.

Conclusion The greater availability of unhealthy food may contribute to the development of obesity. Preventive measures should consider the physical and social environment.

Schlüsselwörter

Lebensmittelumwelt - Deprivation - Adipositas - gebaute Umwelt - Beobachtung

Key words

community nutrition environment - neighbourhood deprivation - obesity - built environment - observation
 

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