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DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.163328
Effect of spreader size on microleakage of roots filled with cold lateral compaction technique
Publication History
Publication Date:
04 September 2019 (online)
ABSTRACT
Objectives: To evaluate the effect of spreader size on apical leakage of maxillary incisor teeth. Materials and Methods: A total of 75 permanent human teeth with no carious and no fracture or crack were used for this study. After removing the crown from the cementoenamel junction and the standardization of the root lengths, the specimens were randomly divided into five groups: Group 1 - Roots were not instrumented. Group 2 - Root canals were enlarged using the step-back technique to a #40 file and filled using cold lateral compaction (CLC) of gutta-percha (GP). Group 3 - During the filling procedure, the first spreader used was size 40. Group 4 - The first spreader used was size 35. Group 5 - The initial spreader used was size 25. The amount of leakage through the filled root canals was evaluated by computerized fluid filtration model. Statistical analyzes were done using Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney test (P < 0.05). Results: There were statistically significant differences among the groups (P < 0.05). While the uninstrumented group (Group 1) had no leakage, instrumented but not filled roots (Group 2) demonstrated the highest leakage values. There were no differences between Group 3 and 4. Group 5 showed significantly less leakage than Group 3 and 4. Conclusion: Spreader size used during CLC of GP appeared to be a significant factor on apical leakage of roots. Using smaller size spreader during CLC may provide relatively less leakage.
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Conflict of Interest
None declared
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REFERENCES
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- 2 Gharai SR, Thorpe JR, Strother JM, McClanahan SB. Comparison of generated forces and apical microleakage using nickel-titanium and stainless steel finger spreaders in curved canals. J Endod 2005; 31: 198-200
- 3 Ng YL, Mann V, Rahbaran S, Lewsey J, Gulabivala K. Outcome of primary root canal treatment: Systematic review of the literature – Part 2. Influence of clinical factors. Int Endod J 2008; 41: 6-31
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- 5 Itoh A, Higuchi N, Minami G, Yasue T, Yoshida T, Maseki T. et al. A survey of filling methods, intracanal medications, and instrument breakage. J Endod 1999; 25: 823-4
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- 10 Hall EM. The mechanics of root-canal treatment. J Am Dent Assoc 1930; 17: 88-108
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- 13 Jerome CE, Hicks ML, Pelleu Jr GB. Compatibility of accessory gutta-percha cones used with two types of spreaders. J Endod 1988; 14: 428-34
- 14 Allison DA, Weber CR, Walton RE. The influence of the method of canal preparation on the quality of apical and coronal obturation. J Endod 1979; 5: 298-304
- 15 Allison DA, Michelich RJ, Walton RE. The influence of master cone adaptation on the quality of the apical seal. J Endod 1981; 7: 61-5
- 16 Piskin B, Aydin B, Sarikanat M. The effect of spreader size on fracture resistance of maxillary incisor roots. Int Endod J 2008; 41: 54-9
- 17 Oruçoglu H, Sengun A, Yilmaz N. Apical leakage of resin based root canal sealers with a new computerized fluid filtration meter. J Endod 2005; 31: 886-90
- 18 Gençoglu N, Oruçoglu H, Helvacıoḡlu D. Apical leakage of different gutta-percha techniques: Thermafil, js quick-fill, soft core, microseal, system B and lateral condensation with a computerized fluid filtration meter. Eur J Dent 2007; 1: 97-103
- 19 Keles A, Ahmetoglu F, Ocak MS, Dayi B, Bozkurt A, Orucoglu H. Comparative analysis of three different filling techniques and the effects of experimental internal resorptive cavities on apical microleakage. Eur J Dent 2014; 8: 32-7
- 20 Kazemi RB, Safavi KE, Spångberg LS. Dimensional changes of endodontic sealers. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1993; 76: 766-71
- 21 Wu MK, De Gee AJ, Wesselink PR. Leakage of four root canal sealers at different thickness. Int Endod J 1994; 27: 304-8
- 22 Kontakiotis EG, Wu MK, Wesselink PR. Effect of sealer thickness on long-term sealing ability: A 2-year follow-up study. Int Endod J 1997; 30: 307-12
- 23 Shahi S, Zand V, Oskoee SS, Abdolrahimi M, Rahnema AH. An in vitro study of the effect of spreader penetration depth on apical microleakage. J Oral Sci 2007; 49: 283-6
- 24 Bal AS, Hicks ML, Barnett F. Comparison of laterally condensed. 06 and. 02 tapered Gutta-Percha and sealer in vitro . J Endod 2001; 27: 786-8
- 25 Meister Jr F, Lommel TJ, Gerstein H. Diagnosis and possible causes of vertical root fractures. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1980; 49: 243-53
- 26 Onnink PA, Davis RD, Wayman BE. An in vitro comparison of incomplete root fractures associated with three obturation techniques. J Endod 1994; 20: 32-7
- 27 Wilcox LR, Roskelley C, Sutton T. The relationship of root canal enlargement to finger-spreader induced vertical root fracture. J Endod 1997; 23: 533-4
- 28 Lertchirakarn V, Palamara JE, Messer HH. Load and strain during lateral condensation and vertical root fracture. J Endod 1999; 25: 99-104
Correspondence:
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REFERENCES
- 1 Cobankara FK, Adanir N, Belli S, Pashley DH. A quantitative evaluation of apical leakage of four root-canal sealers. Int Endod J 2002; 35: 979-84
- 2 Gharai SR, Thorpe JR, Strother JM, McClanahan SB. Comparison of generated forces and apical microleakage using nickel-titanium and stainless steel finger spreaders in curved canals. J Endod 2005; 31: 198-200
- 3 Ng YL, Mann V, Rahbaran S, Lewsey J, Gulabivala K. Outcome of primary root canal treatment: Systematic review of the literature – Part 2. Influence of clinical factors. Int Endod J 2008; 41: 6-31
- 4 Dummer PM. Comparison of undergraduate endodontic teaching programmes in the United Kingdom and in some dental schools in Europe and the United States. Int Endod J 1991; 24: 169-77
- 5 Itoh A, Higuchi N, Minami G, Yasue T, Yoshida T, Maseki T. et al. A survey of filling methods, intracanal medications, and instrument breakage. J Endod 1999; 25: 823-4
- 6 Hommez GM, De Moor RJ, Braem M. Endodontic treatment performed by Flemish dentists. Part 2. Canal filling and decision making for referrals and treatment of apical periodontitis. Int Endod J 2003; 36: 344-51
- 7 Chu CH, Lo EC, Cheung GS. Outcome of root canal treatment using Thermafil and cold lateral condensation filling techniques. Int Endod J 2005; 38: 179-85
- 8 Whitworth J. Methods of filling root canals: Principles and practices. Endod Topics 2005; 12: 2-24
- 9 Souza EM, Wu MK, van der Sluis LW, Leonardo RT, Bonetti-Filho I, Wesselink PR. Effect of filling technique and root canal area on the percentage of gutta-percha in laterally compacted root fillings. Int Endod J 2009; 42: 719-26
- 10 Hall EM. The mechanics of root-canal treatment. J Am Dent Assoc 1930; 17: 88-108
- 11 Wu MK, Ozok AR, Wesselink PR. Sealer distribution in root canals obturated by three techniques. Int Endod J 2000; 33: 340-5
- 12 Wu MK, de Groot SD, van der Sluis LW, Wesselink PR. The effect of using an inverted master cone in a lateral compaction technique on the density of the gutta-percha fill. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2003; 96: 345-50
- 13 Jerome CE, Hicks ML, Pelleu Jr GB. Compatibility of accessory gutta-percha cones used with two types of spreaders. J Endod 1988; 14: 428-34
- 14 Allison DA, Weber CR, Walton RE. The influence of the method of canal preparation on the quality of apical and coronal obturation. J Endod 1979; 5: 298-304
- 15 Allison DA, Michelich RJ, Walton RE. The influence of master cone adaptation on the quality of the apical seal. J Endod 1981; 7: 61-5
- 16 Piskin B, Aydin B, Sarikanat M. The effect of spreader size on fracture resistance of maxillary incisor roots. Int Endod J 2008; 41: 54-9
- 17 Oruçoglu H, Sengun A, Yilmaz N. Apical leakage of resin based root canal sealers with a new computerized fluid filtration meter. J Endod 2005; 31: 886-90
- 18 Gençoglu N, Oruçoglu H, Helvacıoḡlu D. Apical leakage of different gutta-percha techniques: Thermafil, js quick-fill, soft core, microseal, system B and lateral condensation with a computerized fluid filtration meter. Eur J Dent 2007; 1: 97-103
- 19 Keles A, Ahmetoglu F, Ocak MS, Dayi B, Bozkurt A, Orucoglu H. Comparative analysis of three different filling techniques and the effects of experimental internal resorptive cavities on apical microleakage. Eur J Dent 2014; 8: 32-7
- 20 Kazemi RB, Safavi KE, Spångberg LS. Dimensional changes of endodontic sealers. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1993; 76: 766-71
- 21 Wu MK, De Gee AJ, Wesselink PR. Leakage of four root canal sealers at different thickness. Int Endod J 1994; 27: 304-8
- 22 Kontakiotis EG, Wu MK, Wesselink PR. Effect of sealer thickness on long-term sealing ability: A 2-year follow-up study. Int Endod J 1997; 30: 307-12
- 23 Shahi S, Zand V, Oskoee SS, Abdolrahimi M, Rahnema AH. An in vitro study of the effect of spreader penetration depth on apical microleakage. J Oral Sci 2007; 49: 283-6
- 24 Bal AS, Hicks ML, Barnett F. Comparison of laterally condensed. 06 and. 02 tapered Gutta-Percha and sealer in vitro . J Endod 2001; 27: 786-8
- 25 Meister Jr F, Lommel TJ, Gerstein H. Diagnosis and possible causes of vertical root fractures. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1980; 49: 243-53
- 26 Onnink PA, Davis RD, Wayman BE. An in vitro comparison of incomplete root fractures associated with three obturation techniques. J Endod 1994; 20: 32-7
- 27 Wilcox LR, Roskelley C, Sutton T. The relationship of root canal enlargement to finger-spreader induced vertical root fracture. J Endod 1997; 23: 533-4
- 28 Lertchirakarn V, Palamara JE, Messer HH. Load and strain during lateral condensation and vertical root fracture. J Endod 1999; 25: 99-104