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DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.163322
Relationship between periodontal status and degree of visual impairment in institutionalized individuals
Publication History
Publication Date:
04 September 2019 (online)
ABSTRACT
Objective: Periodontal disease is a set of inflammatory infections that affect the supporting structures of the dentition. Patients with visual impairment (VI) may have more difficulty in cleaning and maintaining oral health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible relationship between periodontal status and degree of VI in institutionalized individuals. Materials and Methods: Fifty-two visually impaired individuals were included in this cross-sectional study. The periodontal parameters assessed were clinical attachment level (CAL), probing depth (PD), and visible plaque index. The degree of VI was established as: Group 1 (mild or moderate VI), Group 2 (severe or profound VI), and Group 3 (completely blind); and the types of VI were considered as congenital and acquired. Fisher's exact, Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney, and Spearman correlation coefficient test were used. The level of significance was set at 5%. Result: Only plaque index was higher on proximal surfaces of subjects with mild/moderate VI when compared to the other degrees of VI (P = 0.01). Furthermore, we observed higher values for interproximal CAL (P = 0.01), total PD (P = 0.04), and interproximal PD in subjects with acquired VI when compared to subjects with congenital VI (P = 0.01). Conclusions: These findings suggest that periodontal status may be more related to the type of disability than with the degree of VI. Acquired VI people presented a worse periodontal health than the group with congenital VI.
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Conflicts of interest
There are no conflicts of interest.
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Correspondence:
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REFERENCES
- 1 Pihlstrom BL, Michalowicz BS, Johnson NW. Periodontal diseases. Lancet 2005; 366: 1809-20
- 2 Armitage GC. Diagnosis of periodontal diseases. J Periodontol 2003; 74: 1237-47
- 3 Albandar JM, Rams TE. Global epidemiology of periodontal diseases: An overview. Periodontol 2000 2002; 29: 7-10
- 4 Haas AN, Gaio EJ, Oppermann RV, Rösing CK, Albandar JM, Susin C. Pattern and rate of progression of periodontal attachment loss in an urban population of South Brazil: A 5-years population-based prospective study. J Clin Periodontol 2012; 39: 1-9
- 5 Bertoldi C, Lalla M, Pradelli JM, Cortellini P, Lucchi A, Zaffe D. Risk factors and socioeconomic condition effects on periodontal and dental health: A pilot study among adults over fifty years of age. Eur J Dent 2013; 7: 336-46
- 6 Gopinath VK, Rahman B, Awad MA. Assessment of gingival health among school children in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. Eur J Dent 2015; 9: 36-40
- 7 Kumar S, Sharma J, Duraiswamy P, Kulkarni S. Determinants for oral hygiene and periodontal status among mentally disabled children and adolescents. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2009; 27: 151-7
- 8 Rao D, Amitha H, Munshi AK. Oral hygiene status of disabled children and adolescents attending special schools of South Canara, India. Hong Kong Dent J 2005; 2: 107-13
- 9 Bekiroglu N, Acar N, Kargul B. Caries experience and oral hygiene status of a group of visually impaired children in Istanbul, Turkey. Oral Health Prev Dent 2012; 10: 75-80
- 10 Resnikoff S, Pascolini D, Etya'ale D, Kocur I, Pararajasegaram R, Pokharel GP. et al. Global data on visual impairment in the year 2002. Bull World Health Organ 2004; 82: 844-51
- 11 Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). Census: General Characteristics of the Population, Religion and People with Disabilities. 2010 Avaliable from: http://www.ftp.ibge.gov.br/Censos/Censo_Demografico_2010/Caracteristicas_Gerais_Religiao_Deficiencia/tab1_3.pdf [Last accessed on 2012 Nov 20]
- 12 World Health Organization. International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD-10). Ch. VII. Diseases of the Eye and Adnexa; Avaliable from: http://www.apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2010/en#/H53-H54 [Last accessed on 2012 Aug 18]
- 13 Ainamo J, Bay I. Problems and proposals for recording gingivitis and plaque. Int Dent J 1975; 25: 229-35
- 14 Maciel MA, Cordeiro PM, D’Ávila S, Godoy GP, Alves RD, Lins RD. Assessing the oral condition of visually impaired individuals attending the paraíba institute of the blind. Rev Odontol Cienc 2009; 24: 354-60
- 15 Anaise JZ. Periodontal disease and oral hygiene in a group of blind and sighted Israeli teenagers 14-17 years of age. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1979; 7: 353-6
- 16 Watson EK, Moles DR, Kumar N, Porter SR. The oral health status of adults with a visual impairment, their dental care and oral health information needs. Br Dent J 2010; 208: E15
- 17 Tagelsir A, Khogli AE, Nurelhuda NM. Oral health of visually impaired schoolchildren in Khartoum State, Sudan. BMC Oral Health 2013; 13: 33
- 18 Withagen A, Vervloed MP, Janssen NM, Knoors H, Verhoeven L. The tactual profile: Development of a procedure to assess the tactual functioning of children who are blind. Br J Vis Impair 2009; 27: 221-38
- 19 Schembri A, Fiske J. The implications of visual impairment in an elderly population in recognizing oral disease and maintaining oral health. Spec Care Dent 2001; 21: 222-6
- 20 Mahoney EK, Kumar N, Porter SR. Effect of visual impairment upon oral health care: A review. Br Dent J 2008; 204: 63-7
- 21 Owens PL, Kerker BD, Zigler E, Horwitz SM. Vision and oral health needs of individuals with intellectual disability. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev 2006; 12: 28-40
- 22 Mohd-Dom TN, Omar R, Malik NA, Saiman K, Rahmat NA. Self-reported oral hygiene practices and periodontal status of visually impaired adults. Glob J Health Sci 2010; 2: 184-91