Nuklearmedizin 2018; 57(04): 118-123
DOI: 10.3413/Nukmed-0976-18-05
Editorial
Georg Thieme Verlag

Ablative Radioiodtherapie des Schilddrüsenkarzinoms

Standardisierte versus personalisierte Deeskalation der I-131 Aktivität
M. Dietlein
1   Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin, Uniklinik Köln
,
A. Drzezga
1   Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin, Uniklinik Köln
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Korrespondenzadresse

Prof. Dr. Markus Dietlein
Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin
Universitätsklinikum Köln
Kerpener Str. 62
50937 Köln
Phone: 0221 478 5024

Publication History

received: 21 May 2018

accepted: 11 June 2018

Publication Date:
20 August 2018 (online)

 

 


#
  • Literatur

  • 1 Adam MA, Pura J, Gu L. et al. Extent of surgery for papillary thyroid cancer is not associated with survival. An analysis of 61,775 patients. Ann Surg 2014; 260: 601-607.
  • 2 Adam MA, Pura J, Goffredo P. et al. Presence and number of lymph node metastases are associated with compromised survival for patients younger than age 45 years with papillary thyroid cancer. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33: 2370-2375.
  • 3 Aghaei A, Ayati N, Shafiei S. et al. Comparison of treatment efficacy 1 and 2 years after thyroid remnant ablation with 1110 versus 5550 MBq of iodine-131 in patients with intermediate risk differentiated thyroid cancer. Nucl Med Commun 2017; 38: 927-931.
  • 4 Al-Qurayshi Z, Shama MA, Randolph GW, Kandil E. Minimal extrathyroidal extension does not affect survival of well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2017; 24: 221-226.
  • 5 Bandeira L, Padovani RDP, Ticly AL. et al. Thyroglobulin levels before radioactive iodine therapy and dynamic risk stratification after 1 year in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Arch Endocrinol Metab 2017; 61: 590-599.
  • 6 Caglar M, Bozkurt FM, Akca CK. et al. Comparison of 800 and 3700 MBq iodine-131 for the postoperative ablation of thyroid remnant in patients with low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer. Nucl Med Commun 2012; 33: 268-274.
  • 7 Corréa NL, Vasconcellos de Sa L, Ramalho de Mello RC. Estimation of second primary cancer risk after treatment with radioactive iodine for differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid 2017; 27: 261-270.
  • 8 Dietlein M, Drzezga A. Ablative Radioiodtherapie bei niedrigem und intermediärem Rezidivrisiko. Höhere Überlebensrate beim Schilddrüsenkarzinom. Nuklearmedizin 2016; 55: 71-76.
  • 9 Dietlein M, Eschner W, Grünwald F, Lassmann M, Verburg FA, Luster M. Procedure guidelines for radioiodine therapy of differentiated thyroid cancer (version 4). [German]. Nuklearmedizin 2016; 55: 77-89.
  • 10 Dietlein M, Drzezga A. Geschmacksstörungen (Dysgeusie) und Radioiodtherapie des Schilddrüsenkarzinoms. Vorschädigung durch Antidepressiva und Sedativa beachten. Nuklearmedizin 2017; 56: 125-131.
  • 11 Fallahi B, Beiki D, Takavar A, Fard-Esfahani A, Gilani KA, Saghari M, Eftekhari M. Low versus high radioiodine dose in postoperative ablation of residual thyroid tissue in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a large randomized clinical trial. Nucl Med Commun 2012; 33: 275-282.
  • 12 Giovanella L, Imperiali M, Verburg FA, Trimboli P. Early post-treatment risk stratification of differentiated thyroid cancer: comparison of three highsensitive Tg assays. Eur J Endocrinol 2018; 187: 77-84.
  • 13 Greenspan BS. Radioiodine treatment of well-differentiated thyroid cancer: balancing risks and benefits. J Clin Oncol. 2018 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2018.78.6384.
  • 14 Haenscheid H, Lassmann M, Luster M. et al. Iodine biokinetics and dosimetry in radioiodine therapy of thyroid cancer: procedures and results of a prospective international controlled study of ablation after rhTSH or hormone withdrawal. J Nucl Med 2006; 47: 648-654.
  • 15 Haugen BR, Alexander EK, Bible KC. et al. 2015 American Thyroid Association management guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid 2016; 26: 1-133.
  • 16 Heuschkel M, Fruechte K, Becker J. et al. Effektivität verschiedener Iod-131-Aktivitäten zur Restgewebsablation beim differenzierten Schilddrüsenkarzinom [Abstract]. Nuklearmedizin 2018; 57: A28.
  • 17 Higushi T, Achmad A, Binh DD. et al. Determining patient selection tool and response predictor for outpatient 30 mCi radioiodine ablation dose in non-metastatic differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a Japanese perspective. Endocrine J. 2018 doi:10.1507/endocrij.EJ17–0343.
  • 18 Hong CM, Kim C-Y, Son SH. et al. I-131 biokinetics of remnant normal thyroid tissue and residual thyroid cancer in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer: comparison between recombinant human TSH administration and thyroid hormone withdrawal. Ann Nucl Med 2017; 31: 582-589.
  • 19 Kukulska A, Krajewska J, Gawkowska-Suwinska M. et al. Radioiodine thyroid remnant ablation in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC): prospective comparison of long-term outcomes of treatment with 30, 60 and 100 mCi. Thyroid Research 2010; 03: 9.
  • 20 Li H, Zhang Y, Wang C. et al. Delayed initial radioiodine therapy related to incomplete response in lowto intermediate-risk differentiated thyroid cancer. Clin Endocrinol. published online 2018, January 16; doi: 10.1111/cen.13551.
  • 21 Lloyd RV, Osamura RY, Klöppel G, Rosai J. WHO Classification of Tumours of Endocrine Organs. Fourth Edition. Volume 10 International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization (WHO); 2017. ISBN-13 (print book): 978–92–832–4493–6. www.iarc.fr.
  • 22 Mallick U, Harmer C, Yap B. et al. Ablation with low-dose radioiodine and thyrotropin alfa in thyroid cancer. N Engl J Med 2012; 366: 1674-1685.
  • 23 Marti JL, Morris LGT, Ho AS. Selective use of radioactive iodine (RAI) in thyroid cancer: no longer “one size fits all”. Eur J Surg Oncol 2018; 44: 348-356.
  • 24 Molenaar RJ, Sidana S, Radivoyevitch T. et al. Risk of hematologic malignancies after radioiodine treatment of well-differentiated thyroid cancer. J Clin Oncol. published online December 18, 2017 doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2017.75.0232.
  • 25 Mousa U, Yilmaz SA, Nar A. Stimulated thyroglobulin values above 5.6 ng/ml before radioactive iodine ablation treatment following levothyroxine withdrawal is associated with a 2.38-fold risk of relapse in Tg-ab negative subjects with differentiated thyroid cancer. Clin Trans Oncol. 2017 doi: 10.1007/s12094–017–1640–3.
  • 26 Orosco RK, Hussain T, Brumund KT. et al. Analysis of age and disease status as predictors of thyroid cancer-specific mortality using the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database. Thyroid 2015; 25: 125-132.
  • 27 Park HJ, Min J-J, Bom H-S. et al. Early stimulated thyroglobulin for response prediction after recombinant human thyrotropin-aided radioiodine therapy. Ann Nucl Med 2017; 31: 616-622.
  • 28 Perros P, Colley S, Boelart K. et al. British Thyroid Association guidelines for the management of thyroid cancer. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2014; 81 (Suppl. 01) 1-122.
  • 29 Riemann B, Krämer JA, Schmid KW, Dralle H, Dietlein M, Schicha H, Sauerland C, Frankewitsch T, Schober O. Risk stratification of patients with locally aggressive differentiated thyroid cancer: results of the MSDS trial. Nuklearmedizin 2010; 49: 79-84.
  • 30 Rosario PW, Mourao GF, Calsolari MR. Efficacy of adjuvant therapy with 3.7 GBq radioactive iodine in intermediate-risk patients with higher risk features and predictive value of postoperative nonstimulated thyroglobulin. Nucl Med Commun 2016; 37: 1148-1153.
  • 31 Rosario PW, Mourao GF, Calsolari MR. Low postoperative nonstimulated thyroglobulin as a criterion for the indication of low radioiodine activity in patients with papillary thyroid cancer of intermediate risk with higher risk features. Clin Endocrinol 2016; 85: 453-458.
  • 32 Ruel E, Thomas S, Dinan M. et al. Adjuvant radioactive iodine therapy is associated with improved survival for patients with intermediate-risk papillary thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100: 1529-1536.
  • 33 Sapuppo G, Palermo F, Russo M. et al. Latero-cervical lymph node metastases (N1b) represent an additional risk factor for papillary thyroid cancer outcome. J Endocrinol Invest 2017; 40: 1355-1363.
  • 34 Sapuppo G, Tavarelli M, Russo M. et al. Lymph node location is a risk factor for papillary thyroid cancer-related death. J Endocrinol Invest. 2018 doi: 10.1007/s40618–018–0865–5.
  • 35 Schlumberger M, Catargi B, Borget I. et al. Strategies of radioiodine ablation in patients with lowrisk thyroid cancer. N Engl J Med 2012; 366: 1663-1673.
  • 36 Seo GH, Cho YY, Chung JH, Kim SW. Increased risk of leukemia after radioactive iodine therapy in patients with thyroid cancer: a nationwide, population-based study in Korea. Thyroid 2015; 25: 927-934.
  • 37 Seo M, Kim YS, Lee JC. et al. Lowe-dose radioactive iodine ablation is sufficient in patients with small papillary thyroid cancer having minor extrathyroidal extension and central lymph node metastasis (T3 N1a). Clin Nucl Med 2017; 42: 842-846.
  • 38 Silva-Vieira M, Carrilho SVaz, Esteves S. et al. Second primary cancer in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer: does radioiodine play a role?. Thyroid 2017; 27: 1068-1076.
  • 39 Teng CJ, Hu YW, Chen SC. Use of radioactive iodine for thyroid cancer and risk of second primary malignancy: a nationwide population-based study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2015; Nov 3; 108 (02) pii: djv314 doi: 10.1093/jnci/djv314.
  • 40 Thompson LDR. Ninety-four cases of encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: a name change to Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-like Nuclear Features would prevent overtreatment. Modern Pathol. 2016: 698-707.
  • 41 Thompson LDR, Poller DN, Kakudo K. et al. An international interobserver variability reporting of the nuclear scoring criteria to diagnose Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillarylike Nuclear Features: a validation study. Endocrine Pathol. 2018 doi.org/10.1007/s12022–018–9520–0.
  • 42 Todica A, Haidvogl S, Fendler WP. et al. Effectiveness of reduced radioiodine activity for thyroid remnant ablation after total thyroidectomy in patients with low to intermediate risk differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Nuklearmedizin 2017; 56: 211-218.
  • 43 Tulchinsky M, Binse I, Campenni A. et al. Radioactive iodine therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer: lessons from confronting controversial literature on risks for secondary malignancy. J Nucl Med. 2018 doi: 10.2967/jnumed.118.211359.
  • 44 Tuttle RM, Haugen B, Perrier ND. Updated American Joint Committee on Cancer/ Tumor – Node – Metastasis staging system for differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancer (eighth edition): what changed and why?. Thyroid. 2017: 751-756.
  • 45 Webb RC, Howard RS, Stojadinovic A. et al. The utility of serum thyroglobulin measurement at the time of remnant ablation for predicting diseasefree status in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer: a meta-analysis involving 3947 patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97: 2754-2763.
  • 46 Youngwirth LM, Adam MA, Scheri RP. et al. Extrathyroidal extension is associated with compromised survival in patients with thyroid cancer. Thyroid 2017; 27: 626-631.
  • 47 Zhang Y, Hua W, Zhang X. et al. The predictive value for excellent response to initial therapy in differentiated thyroid cancer: preablation-stimulated thyroglobulin better than the TNM-stage. Nucl Med Commun 2018; 39: 405-410.
  • 48 Zheng CM, Ji YB, Song CM. et al. Number of metastatic lymph nodes and ratio of metastatic lymph nodes to total number of retrieved lymph nodes are risk factors for recurrence in patients with clinically node negative papillary thyroid carcinoma. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 11: 58-64.

Korrespondenzadresse

Prof. Dr. Markus Dietlein
Klinik und Poliklinik für Nuklearmedizin
Universitätsklinikum Köln
Kerpener Str. 62
50937 Köln
Phone: 0221 478 5024

  • Literatur

  • 1 Adam MA, Pura J, Gu L. et al. Extent of surgery for papillary thyroid cancer is not associated with survival. An analysis of 61,775 patients. Ann Surg 2014; 260: 601-607.
  • 2 Adam MA, Pura J, Goffredo P. et al. Presence and number of lymph node metastases are associated with compromised survival for patients younger than age 45 years with papillary thyroid cancer. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33: 2370-2375.
  • 3 Aghaei A, Ayati N, Shafiei S. et al. Comparison of treatment efficacy 1 and 2 years after thyroid remnant ablation with 1110 versus 5550 MBq of iodine-131 in patients with intermediate risk differentiated thyroid cancer. Nucl Med Commun 2017; 38: 927-931.
  • 4 Al-Qurayshi Z, Shama MA, Randolph GW, Kandil E. Minimal extrathyroidal extension does not affect survival of well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2017; 24: 221-226.
  • 5 Bandeira L, Padovani RDP, Ticly AL. et al. Thyroglobulin levels before radioactive iodine therapy and dynamic risk stratification after 1 year in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Arch Endocrinol Metab 2017; 61: 590-599.
  • 6 Caglar M, Bozkurt FM, Akca CK. et al. Comparison of 800 and 3700 MBq iodine-131 for the postoperative ablation of thyroid remnant in patients with low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer. Nucl Med Commun 2012; 33: 268-274.
  • 7 Corréa NL, Vasconcellos de Sa L, Ramalho de Mello RC. Estimation of second primary cancer risk after treatment with radioactive iodine for differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid 2017; 27: 261-270.
  • 8 Dietlein M, Drzezga A. Ablative Radioiodtherapie bei niedrigem und intermediärem Rezidivrisiko. Höhere Überlebensrate beim Schilddrüsenkarzinom. Nuklearmedizin 2016; 55: 71-76.
  • 9 Dietlein M, Eschner W, Grünwald F, Lassmann M, Verburg FA, Luster M. Procedure guidelines for radioiodine therapy of differentiated thyroid cancer (version 4). [German]. Nuklearmedizin 2016; 55: 77-89.
  • 10 Dietlein M, Drzezga A. Geschmacksstörungen (Dysgeusie) und Radioiodtherapie des Schilddrüsenkarzinoms. Vorschädigung durch Antidepressiva und Sedativa beachten. Nuklearmedizin 2017; 56: 125-131.
  • 11 Fallahi B, Beiki D, Takavar A, Fard-Esfahani A, Gilani KA, Saghari M, Eftekhari M. Low versus high radioiodine dose in postoperative ablation of residual thyroid tissue in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a large randomized clinical trial. Nucl Med Commun 2012; 33: 275-282.
  • 12 Giovanella L, Imperiali M, Verburg FA, Trimboli P. Early post-treatment risk stratification of differentiated thyroid cancer: comparison of three highsensitive Tg assays. Eur J Endocrinol 2018; 187: 77-84.
  • 13 Greenspan BS. Radioiodine treatment of well-differentiated thyroid cancer: balancing risks and benefits. J Clin Oncol. 2018 doi: 10.1200/JCO.2018.78.6384.
  • 14 Haenscheid H, Lassmann M, Luster M. et al. Iodine biokinetics and dosimetry in radioiodine therapy of thyroid cancer: procedures and results of a prospective international controlled study of ablation after rhTSH or hormone withdrawal. J Nucl Med 2006; 47: 648-654.
  • 15 Haugen BR, Alexander EK, Bible KC. et al. 2015 American Thyroid Association management guidelines for adult patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid 2016; 26: 1-133.
  • 16 Heuschkel M, Fruechte K, Becker J. et al. Effektivität verschiedener Iod-131-Aktivitäten zur Restgewebsablation beim differenzierten Schilddrüsenkarzinom [Abstract]. Nuklearmedizin 2018; 57: A28.
  • 17 Higushi T, Achmad A, Binh DD. et al. Determining patient selection tool and response predictor for outpatient 30 mCi radioiodine ablation dose in non-metastatic differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a Japanese perspective. Endocrine J. 2018 doi:10.1507/endocrij.EJ17–0343.
  • 18 Hong CM, Kim C-Y, Son SH. et al. I-131 biokinetics of remnant normal thyroid tissue and residual thyroid cancer in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer: comparison between recombinant human TSH administration and thyroid hormone withdrawal. Ann Nucl Med 2017; 31: 582-589.
  • 19 Kukulska A, Krajewska J, Gawkowska-Suwinska M. et al. Radioiodine thyroid remnant ablation in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC): prospective comparison of long-term outcomes of treatment with 30, 60 and 100 mCi. Thyroid Research 2010; 03: 9.
  • 20 Li H, Zhang Y, Wang C. et al. Delayed initial radioiodine therapy related to incomplete response in lowto intermediate-risk differentiated thyroid cancer. Clin Endocrinol. published online 2018, January 16; doi: 10.1111/cen.13551.
  • 21 Lloyd RV, Osamura RY, Klöppel G, Rosai J. WHO Classification of Tumours of Endocrine Organs. Fourth Edition. Volume 10 International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), World Health Organization (WHO); 2017. ISBN-13 (print book): 978–92–832–4493–6. www.iarc.fr.
  • 22 Mallick U, Harmer C, Yap B. et al. Ablation with low-dose radioiodine and thyrotropin alfa in thyroid cancer. N Engl J Med 2012; 366: 1674-1685.
  • 23 Marti JL, Morris LGT, Ho AS. Selective use of radioactive iodine (RAI) in thyroid cancer: no longer “one size fits all”. Eur J Surg Oncol 2018; 44: 348-356.
  • 24 Molenaar RJ, Sidana S, Radivoyevitch T. et al. Risk of hematologic malignancies after radioiodine treatment of well-differentiated thyroid cancer. J Clin Oncol. published online December 18, 2017 doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2017.75.0232.
  • 25 Mousa U, Yilmaz SA, Nar A. Stimulated thyroglobulin values above 5.6 ng/ml before radioactive iodine ablation treatment following levothyroxine withdrawal is associated with a 2.38-fold risk of relapse in Tg-ab negative subjects with differentiated thyroid cancer. Clin Trans Oncol. 2017 doi: 10.1007/s12094–017–1640–3.
  • 26 Orosco RK, Hussain T, Brumund KT. et al. Analysis of age and disease status as predictors of thyroid cancer-specific mortality using the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database. Thyroid 2015; 25: 125-132.
  • 27 Park HJ, Min J-J, Bom H-S. et al. Early stimulated thyroglobulin for response prediction after recombinant human thyrotropin-aided radioiodine therapy. Ann Nucl Med 2017; 31: 616-622.
  • 28 Perros P, Colley S, Boelart K. et al. British Thyroid Association guidelines for the management of thyroid cancer. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2014; 81 (Suppl. 01) 1-122.
  • 29 Riemann B, Krämer JA, Schmid KW, Dralle H, Dietlein M, Schicha H, Sauerland C, Frankewitsch T, Schober O. Risk stratification of patients with locally aggressive differentiated thyroid cancer: results of the MSDS trial. Nuklearmedizin 2010; 49: 79-84.
  • 30 Rosario PW, Mourao GF, Calsolari MR. Efficacy of adjuvant therapy with 3.7 GBq radioactive iodine in intermediate-risk patients with higher risk features and predictive value of postoperative nonstimulated thyroglobulin. Nucl Med Commun 2016; 37: 1148-1153.
  • 31 Rosario PW, Mourao GF, Calsolari MR. Low postoperative nonstimulated thyroglobulin as a criterion for the indication of low radioiodine activity in patients with papillary thyroid cancer of intermediate risk with higher risk features. Clin Endocrinol 2016; 85: 453-458.
  • 32 Ruel E, Thomas S, Dinan M. et al. Adjuvant radioactive iodine therapy is associated with improved survival for patients with intermediate-risk papillary thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100: 1529-1536.
  • 33 Sapuppo G, Palermo F, Russo M. et al. Latero-cervical lymph node metastases (N1b) represent an additional risk factor for papillary thyroid cancer outcome. J Endocrinol Invest 2017; 40: 1355-1363.
  • 34 Sapuppo G, Tavarelli M, Russo M. et al. Lymph node location is a risk factor for papillary thyroid cancer-related death. J Endocrinol Invest. 2018 doi: 10.1007/s40618–018–0865–5.
  • 35 Schlumberger M, Catargi B, Borget I. et al. Strategies of radioiodine ablation in patients with lowrisk thyroid cancer. N Engl J Med 2012; 366: 1663-1673.
  • 36 Seo GH, Cho YY, Chung JH, Kim SW. Increased risk of leukemia after radioactive iodine therapy in patients with thyroid cancer: a nationwide, population-based study in Korea. Thyroid 2015; 25: 927-934.
  • 37 Seo M, Kim YS, Lee JC. et al. Lowe-dose radioactive iodine ablation is sufficient in patients with small papillary thyroid cancer having minor extrathyroidal extension and central lymph node metastasis (T3 N1a). Clin Nucl Med 2017; 42: 842-846.
  • 38 Silva-Vieira M, Carrilho SVaz, Esteves S. et al. Second primary cancer in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer: does radioiodine play a role?. Thyroid 2017; 27: 1068-1076.
  • 39 Teng CJ, Hu YW, Chen SC. Use of radioactive iodine for thyroid cancer and risk of second primary malignancy: a nationwide population-based study. J Natl Cancer Inst 2015; Nov 3; 108 (02) pii: djv314 doi: 10.1093/jnci/djv314.
  • 40 Thompson LDR. Ninety-four cases of encapsulated follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma: a name change to Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-like Nuclear Features would prevent overtreatment. Modern Pathol. 2016: 698-707.
  • 41 Thompson LDR, Poller DN, Kakudo K. et al. An international interobserver variability reporting of the nuclear scoring criteria to diagnose Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillarylike Nuclear Features: a validation study. Endocrine Pathol. 2018 doi.org/10.1007/s12022–018–9520–0.
  • 42 Todica A, Haidvogl S, Fendler WP. et al. Effectiveness of reduced radioiodine activity for thyroid remnant ablation after total thyroidectomy in patients with low to intermediate risk differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Nuklearmedizin 2017; 56: 211-218.
  • 43 Tulchinsky M, Binse I, Campenni A. et al. Radioactive iodine therapy for differentiated thyroid cancer: lessons from confronting controversial literature on risks for secondary malignancy. J Nucl Med. 2018 doi: 10.2967/jnumed.118.211359.
  • 44 Tuttle RM, Haugen B, Perrier ND. Updated American Joint Committee on Cancer/ Tumor – Node – Metastasis staging system for differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancer (eighth edition): what changed and why?. Thyroid. 2017: 751-756.
  • 45 Webb RC, Howard RS, Stojadinovic A. et al. The utility of serum thyroglobulin measurement at the time of remnant ablation for predicting diseasefree status in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer: a meta-analysis involving 3947 patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97: 2754-2763.
  • 46 Youngwirth LM, Adam MA, Scheri RP. et al. Extrathyroidal extension is associated with compromised survival in patients with thyroid cancer. Thyroid 2017; 27: 626-631.
  • 47 Zhang Y, Hua W, Zhang X. et al. The predictive value for excellent response to initial therapy in differentiated thyroid cancer: preablation-stimulated thyroglobulin better than the TNM-stage. Nucl Med Commun 2018; 39: 405-410.
  • 48 Zheng CM, Ji YB, Song CM. et al. Number of metastatic lymph nodes and ratio of metastatic lymph nodes to total number of retrieved lymph nodes are risk factors for recurrence in patients with clinically node negative papillary thyroid carcinoma. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 11: 58-64.