Bewegungsarme Lebensstile

Zusammenfassung

Der Beitrag klassifiziert verschiedene Gruppen von bewegungsarmen Erwachsenen anhand sozio-demografischer Merkmale und empfundener Barrieren für eine körperliche Aktivierung. Mit Hilfe von repräsentativen Daten der Deutschen Nicht-Beweger Studie (n=10.000) werden über die Verfahren der logistischen Regression und der Clusteranalyse verschiedene Gruppen von „Nicht-Bewegern” identifiziert. Es zeigt sich, dass Nicht-Beweger sowohl hinsichtlich ihrer sozio-demografischen Merkmale als auch ihrer empfundenen Barrieren für Bewegung als eine heterogene Gruppe zu betrachten sind. So werden z. B. Bewegungsbarrieren wie fehlende soziale Kontakte oder keine Zeit für Bewegung nur von speziellen Subgruppen der Nicht-Beweger genannt. Demgegenüber berichtet nur ein kleiner Teil der Nicht-Beweger von multiplen Barrieren zu Bewegung. Die Ergebnisse der Datenanalyse erlauben Rückschlüsse auf Strategien zur körperlichen Aktivierung von bewegungsarmen Erwachsenen.

Abstract

The article investigates different sub-groups of sedentary adults based on their socio-demographic characteristics and perceived barriers to physical activity. Data stem from the Germans Survey of Sedentary Adults (n=10.000) and the data analysis used logistic regressions and cluster analysis. The results indicate that sedentary adults are a diverse group when socio-demographic characteristics and perceived barriers to physical activity are considered. Barriers such as lack of social contacts or time for physical activity are perceived by specific subgroups of this population. In contrast, only few sedentary adults report multiple barriers to physical activity. The results also provide indications for potentially successful strategies to promote physical activity among sedentary adults.

Schlüsselwörter

Körperliche Aktivität - Bewegung - Inaktivität - Bewegungsförderung - Lebensstile

Key words

Physical activity - sedentary - inactivity - physical activity promotion - life style

Literatur

• 1 World Health Organisation .The World Health Report 2002. Reducing Risk, Promoting Healthy Life. Geneva: World Health Organisation 2002
• 2 Brownson RC, Boehmer TK, Luke DA. Declining rates of physical activity in the United States: What are contributors?.  Annual Review of Public Health. 2005;  26 421-443
• 3 Blair SN, Connelly JC. How much physical activity should we do?. The case for moderate amounts and intensities of physical activity.  Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. 1996;  67 193-205
• 4 Bauman AE. Updating the evidence that physical activity is good for health: an epidemiological review 2000-2003.  Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2004;  7 6-19
• 5 Iwane M, Arita M, Tomimoto S. et al . Walking 10,000 steps/day or more reduces blood pressure and sympathetic nerve activity in mild essential hypertension.  Hypertension Research. 2000;  23 573-580
• 6 Thompson DL, Rakow J, Perdue SM. Relationship between accumulated walking and body composition in middle-aged women.  Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2004;  36 911-914
• 7 Williams PT. Nonlinear relationships between weekly walking distance and adiposity in 27,596 women.  Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise. 2005;  37 1893-1901
• 8 Ackermann RT, Cheadle A, Sanhu N. et al . Community exercise program use and changes in healthcare costs for older adults.  American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2003;  25 232-237
• 9 Tsuji I, Takahashi K, Nishino Y. et al . Impact of walking upon medical care expenditure in Japan: the Ohsaki Cohort Study.  International Journal of Epidemiology. 2003;  32 809-814
• 10 Pate RR, Pratt M, Blair SN. et al . Physical activity and public health: a recommendation from the Centres for Disease Control and Prevention and the American College of Sports Medicine.  Journal of the American Medical Association. 1995;  273 402-407
• 11 Rütten A, Abu-Omar K, Lampert T. et al .Gesundheitsberichterstattung des Bundes Körperliche Aktivität. Heft 26. Berlin: Robert Koch-Institut 2005
• 12 Rütten A, Abu-Omar K. Prevalence of Physical Activity in the European Union.  Sozial- und Präventivmedizin. 2004;  49 281-289
• 13 Europäische Kommission .Special Eurobarometer 183-6/Wave 582. Physical activity. Europäische Kommission 2003
• 14 Sallis JF, Owen N. Physical activity and behavioral medicine. Thousand Oaks: Sage 1999
• 15 Bauman AE, Sallis JF, Dzewaltowski DA. et al . Toward a better understanding of the influence on physical activity. The role of determinants, correlates, causal variables, mediators, moderators, and confounders.  2002;  23 5-14
• 16 Sherwood NE, Jeffrey RW. The behavioural determinants of exercise: Implications for physical activity interventions.  Annual Review of Nutrition. 2000;  20 21-44
• 17 Stahl T, Rütten A, Nutbeam D. et al . The importance of the social environment for physically active lifestyle-results from an international study.  Social Science and Medicine. 2001;  52 1-10
• 18 Zunft HJF, Friebe D, Seppelt B. et al . Perceived benefits and barriers to physical activity in a nationally representative sample in the European Union.  Public Health and Nutrition. 1999;  2 153-160
• 19 Salmon J, Owen N, Crawford D. et al . Physical activity and sedentary behavior: A population-based study of barriers, enjoyment, and preferences.  Health Psychology. 2003;  22 178-188
• 20 Afonso C, Graca P, Kearney JM. et al . Physical activity in European seniors.  The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging. 2001;  5 226-229
• 21 Eyler AA, Vest JR, Sanderson B. et al . Environmental, policy, and cultural factors related to physical activity in a diverse sample of women: the women's Cardiovascular Health Network project-summary and discussion.  Women & Health. 2002;  36 123-134
• 22 Chinn DJ, White M, Harland J. et al . Barriers to physical activity and socioeconomic position: implications for health promotion.  Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 1999;  53 191-192
• 23 Humpel N, Owen N, Leslie E. Environmental factors associated with adults's participation in physical activity.  American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2002;  22 188-199
• 24 Taylor WC, Baranowski T, Rohm Young D. Physical activity interventions in low-income, ethnic minority, and populations with disability.  American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 1998;  15 334-343
• 25 Fahrenwald NL, Atwood JR, Noble Walker S. et al . A randomized pilot test of “Moms on the Move”: A physical activity intervention for WIC Mothers.  Annals of Behavioural Medicine. 2004;  27 82-90
• 26 Albright CL, Pruitt L, Castro C. et al . Modifying physical activity in a multiethnic sample of low-income women: One-year results from the IMPACT (Increasing Motivation for Physical ACTivity) project.  Annals of Behavioural Medicine. 2005;  30 191-200
• 27 Palmer T, Jaworski CA. Exercise prescriptions for underprivileged minorities.  Current Sports Medicine Reports. 2004;  3 344-348
• 28 Dzewaltowski DA, Estabrooks PA, Glasgow RE. The future of Physical Activity Behavior Change Research: What is needed to Improve Translation of Research in Health Promotion Practice?.  Exercise and Sports Science Review. 2004;  32 57-63
• 29 Marcus BH, Nigg CR, Riebe D. Interactive communication strategies. Implications for population-based physical-activity promotion.  American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2000;  19 121-126
• 30 Weber M. Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft 5. Auflage. Mohr Siebeck 1980
• 31 Abel T. Measuring health lifestyles in a comparative analysis: theoretical issues and empirical findings.  Social Science & Medicine. 1991;  32 899-908
• 32 Cockerham WC, Rütten A, Abel T. Max Weber, formal rationality and health lifestyles.  The Sociological Quarterly. 1993;  34 413-425
• 33 Rütten A. The implementation of health promotion: a new structural perspective.  Social Science & Medicine. 1995;  41 1627-1637
• 34 Prochaska JO, DiClemente CC. Stages and processes of self-change in smoking: towards an integrated model of change.  Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 1983;  51 390-395
• 35 Marshall SJ, Biddle SJH. The transtheoretical model of behavior change: a meta-analysis of applications to physical activity and exercise.  Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2001;  23 229-246
• 36 Adams J, White M. Are activity promotion interventions based on the transtheoretical model effective? A critical review.  British Journal of Sports Medicine. 2003;  37 106-114
• 37 Rütten A, Abel T, Kannas L. et al . Self reported physical activity, public health, and perceived environment: results from a comparative European study.  Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. 2001;  55 139-146
• 38 Stahl T, Rütten A, Nutbeam D. et al . The importance of policy orientation and environment on physical activity participation-a comparative analysis between Eastern Germany, Western Germany and Finland.  Health Promotion International. 2002;  17 235-246
• 39 Rütten A. European Physical Activity Surveillance System (EUPASS) .Final report to the European Commission. Chemnitz: University of Technology Sport Science 2001
• 40 Kirtland KA, Porter DE, Addy CL. et al . Environmental measures of physical activity supports.  Am Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2003;  24 323-331
• 41 Marcus BH, Selby VC, Niaura RS. et al . Self-efficacy and the stages of exercise behavior change.  Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. 1992;  63 60-68
• 42 Fuchs R. Psychologie und körperliche Bewegung Gesundheitspsychologie 8. Göttingen: Hogrefe 1997
• 43 Mensink G. Körperliche Aktivität.  Das Gesundheitswesen. 1999;  61 S126-S131
• 44 Hillsdon M, Foster C, Cavill N. et al .The effectiveness of public health interventions for increasing physical activity among adults: a review of reviews. London: Health Development Agency 2005
• 45 Brehm W, Bös K, Opper E. Gesundheitssportprogramme in Deutschland. Schorndorf: Hofmann 2002
• 46 Task Force on Community Preventive Services .(Ed.): Zaza S, Briss PA, Harris KW. The Guide to community preventive services. What works to promote health?. New York: Oxford University Press 2005
• 47 Kahn EB, Ramsey LT, Brownson RC. et al . The effectiveness of interventions to increase physical activity. A systematic review.  American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2002;  22 73-107
• 48 Rütten A, Abu-Omar K. Prävention durch Bewegung.  Zur Evidenzbasierung von Interventionen zur Förderung körperlicher Aktivität. Zeitschrift für Gesundheitswissenschaften. 2004;  11 229-246
• 49 Cavill N, Foster C. How to promote health-enhancing physical activity: community interventions. In: Oja P, Borms J (Ed). The Multidisciplinary Series of physical education and sport science. Vol. 6 Perspectives health enhancing physical activity. Oxford: Meyer & Meyer 2004

Korrespondenzadresse