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DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-973887
Dynamic Redox Systems as Electrochromic Materials: Bistability and Advanced Response
Publication History
Publication Date:
26 March 2007 (online)
Abstract
‘Dynamic redox systems’ is the name given to a certain class of compounds that can be reversibly converted into the corresponding charged species accompanied by C-C bond formation/cleavage upon electron transfer. This account details the two major motifs (hexaphenylethane derivatives and butane-1,4-diyl dications) that have been developed in the principal author’s group.
1 Introduction
2 Dynamic Redox Properties
2.1 Dications Twisted by 90°
2.2 Intramolecular Redox Switching of Single Bonds
3 Electrochromism Based on the Dynamic Redox Properties of Hexaphenylethane Derivatives
3.1 Tetraaryldihydrophenanthrenes: Prototype endo Systems
3.2 Electrochiroptical Response System Based on the HPE Skeleton
3.3 Redox Switching for Fluorescence Based on the HPE Skeleton
3.4 Further Advanced Molecular Response System Based on the HPE Skeleton
3.5 HPE-Type Redox System with Another Arylene Spacer
4 Electrochromism Based on the Dynamic Redox Properties of Butane-1,4-diyl Dications
4.1 1,1,2,3,4,4-Hexaarylbutane-1,4-diyl Dications: The Prototype exo System
4.2 Electrochiroptical Response Systems Based on the Butane-1,4-diyl Dication
4.3 Reversible Oligomerization to Oligo(butane-1,4-diyl Dicationic) Species
5 Future Outlook
Key words
carbocations - chirality - electron transfer - spectroscopy - X-ray crystallography
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References and Notes
X-ray analysis on the dication salt of tetrakis(4-methoxy-phenyl)ethylene showed the twisting angle of 62° for the mixed counter-anion salt containing SbCl6 - and Cl- (ref. 25). PM3 calculation of tetrakis(4-dimethylaminophenyl)eth-ylene predicted twisting of 80.6° for the dication (ref. 26).
47By incorporation of two different diarylmethylium chromophores the reduction of dication 9 proceeds stepwise, thus allowing generation and detection of the bond-dissociated cation radical by steady-state spectroscopy (ref. 46).
53The binaphthylic dication with 4-Me2NC6H5 groups was also prepared which gave [5]helicene-type donor upon reduction. Further studies were carried out for xanthene and thioxanthene derivatives 10a,b/10a,b 2+ because difficulties were encountered when conducting their optical resolution.
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