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DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-960755
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York
Device-spezifische Probleme thorakaler Endostents
Device Related Problems of Thoracic Stent-GraftsPublication History
Publication Date:
04 July 2007 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Einleitung: Das Outcome nach endovaskulärer Ausschaltung abdomineller Aortenaneurysmen (EVAR) scheint Device-spezifisch zu sein. Die vorzustellende Studie untersucht, inwieweit der peri- und postoperative Verlauf bei endovaskulärer Therapie thorakaler Aortenpathologien durch die Wahl der Stentprothese geprägt wird. Methodik: Seit November 1999 wurde eine thorakale Aortenpathologie bei 59 Patienten (M : F = 53 : 6; mittleres Alter 64 (Spanne: 21-83) Jahre) endovaskulär behandelt (Aneurysma n = 23, Dissektion mit Aneurysma n = 9, Dissektion ohne Aneurysma n = 9, intramurales Hämatom n = 2, penetrierendes Ulkus n = 2, Transsektion n = 8, falsches Aneurysma n = 6. Die ursächliche Pathologie bestand in: atherosklerotische Mediadegeneration n = 25, akute Dissektion (< 14 Tage) n = 10, chronische Dissektion (≥ 14 Tage) n = 10, Trauma n = 8, iatrogen n = 6. Drei Patienten präsentierten sich bei bestehender aortobronchialer Fistel, eine Patientin mit traumatischer aorto-ösophagealer Fistel. Die implantierten Stentgraft-Devices umfassten die GORE-TAG- (n = 35), die Talent™- (n = 13), die Zenith TX 1™- (n = 5) und die Endofit™-Stentprothese (n = 3). Bei drei Fällen wurde ein home-made device (n = 1) oder eine Kombination von Stentprothesen implantiert (Talent™ plus TAG, Talent™ plus TX1™). Insgesamt erfolgte die primäre Implantation von 93 Stentprothesen, zwei in 13 Fällen, drei bei 4 Fällen, vier in drei Fällen, sowie in einem Fall fünf Stentprothesen. Ergebnisse: Die 30-Tage-Mortalität betrug 1 / 59. Die endoluminale Platzierung einer Endofit™ Prothese bei akuter Typ-B-Dissektion war gefolgt von einer retrograden Aortendissektion Typ A. Trotz unmittelbarer kardiochirurgischer Operation i. S. einer Bentall-Prozedur war der Ausgang fatal. Die perioperative Morbidität war gekennzeichnet von einem postoperativen apoplektischen Insult, einem Abriss der Arteria iliaca externa im Zuge der Entfernung des Einführbestecks (28 Fr) (Iliako-femorales Protheseninterponat) und einem angiographisch nachweisbaren Kontrastmittelparavasats um die Arteria iliaca externa (Spontanheilung). In einem weiteren Fall entwickelte sich sekundär nach 24 Stunden eine permanente Paraplegie, die sekundäre Spinaldränage blieb ohne klinischen Effekt. In drei weiteren Fällen war die Platzierung der gewählten Stentprothese bei spitzwinkeliger Aortenbogenanatomie (Talent™) bzw. elongierter distaler Aorta descendens (Zenith TX 1™) nicht möglich, sodass im Rahmen eines zweiten Eingriffs das jeweils neu gewählte System (GORE) erfolgreich platziert werden konnte. Typ-1 a-Endoleaks waren in drei Fällen zu beobachten, in einem Fall die zweizeitige Entwicklung eines Typ-III-Endoleaks. Zusammenfassung und Schlussfolgerungen: Die Ergebnisse zeigen typische Prozedur- und Device-assoziierte Komplikationen und Probleme auf und weisen auf die Notwendigkeit der Weiterentwicklung der Einführbestecke und Stentprothesen für die verschiedenen Aortenpathologien hin.
Abstract
The outcome of the endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms seems to be device related. The presented study evaluated the outcome of endovascular procedure in cases of thoracic aortic pathology according to the implanted thoracic stent graft devices. Methods: Since November 1999 a variety of thoracic aortic pathologies in 59 patients has been treated endovascularly. The median age of the cohort (53 males, 6 females) was 64 years (rang, 21 to 83). The patients presented the following aortic morphology: aneurysm n = 23, dissections with aneurysm n = 9, dissection without aneurysm n = 9, intramural hematoma n = 2, penetrating ulcers n = 2, transsection n = 8, false aneurysm n = 6. The underlying pathology was: atherosclerotic medial degeneration n = 25, acute dissection (< 14 days) n = 10, chronic dissection (≥ 14 days) n = 10, trauma n = 8, iatrogenic n = 6. Three patients presented the symptoms of aortic pulmonary fistulas; one patient was treated due to traumatic aortic oesophageal fistula. The used stent graft devices included the GORE TAG (n = 35), the Talent™ device (n = 13), the Cook device (Zenith TX 1™: n = 5), and the Endofit™ device (n = 3). At three cases a home-made device (n = 1) or a combination of different stent grafts was implanted (Talent™ plus TAG, Talent™ plus TX1™). Totally, 93 stent grafts were primarily implanted. Results: The 30-day mortality was 1 / 59. One patient with acute dissection (Stanford type B) suffered from a per-procedural acute retrograde dissection leading to death in spite of the performed Bentall's procedure. Per-operatively, one patient showed cerebral ischemia, one other patient experienced a transsection of the external iliac artery due to the retraction of the introducer sheath, and another patient showed an extravasation of contrast dye. 24 hours following the endovascular procedure, one patient developed paraplegia without regression in spite of performing a spinal drainage. The passage of the introducer sheath of the primarily chosen device was impossible at three cases, in another three cases type I endoleaks were detectable, a type III endoleak was evident at another patient with formerly implanted multiple stent grafts. Summary and conclusions: The results of the endovascular procedures in treatment of thoracic aortic pathologies demonstrated typically device related problems and unwanted events. Various types of stent grafts, introducer sheaths, and delivery systems may be necessary to satisfy the different requirements for different indications.
Schlüsselwörter
Aorta thoracalis - Stentprothesen - Probleme
Key words
thoracic aorta - stent graft - problems
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Priv.-Doz. Dr. med. M. Gawenda
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