References and Notes
-
1a
Heck RF.
Acc. Chem. Res.
1979,
12:
146
-
1b
Heck RF.
Palladium Reagents in Organic Synthesis
Academic Press;
New York:
1985.
-
1c
Shibasaki M.
Vogl EM.
Ohshima T.
Adv. Synth. Catal.
2004,
346:
1533
-
1d
Farina V.
Adv. Synth. Catal.
2004,
346:
1553
-
2a
Herrmann WA.
Böhm VPW.
Reisenger C.-P.
J. Organomet. Chem.
1999,
576:
23
-
2b
Herrmann WA.
Öfele K.
Preysing DV.
Schneider SK.
J. Organomet. Chem.
2003,
687:
229
-
3a
Tulloch AAD.
Danopoulos AA.
Tooze RP.
Cafferkey SM.
Kleinhenz S.
Hursthouse MB.
Chem. Commun.
2000,
1247
-
3b
Dupont J.
Pfeffer M.
Spencer J.
Eur. J. Inorg. Chem.
2001,
8:
1917
-
3c
Peris E.
Loch JA.
Mata J.
Crabtree RH.
Chem. Commun.
2001,
201
-
4a
Brunel JM.
Heumann A.
Buono G.
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
2000,
39:
1946
-
For highly efficient hydroarylation using nitrogen-containing palladacycle catalysts, see:
-
4b
Bravo J.
Cativiela C.
Navarro R.
Urriolabeitia EP.
J. Organomet. Chem.
2002,
650:
157
-
4c
Yuan K.
Zhang T.-K.
Hou X.-L.
J. Org. Chem.
2005,
70:
6085
- 5
Larock RC.
Johnson PL.
J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun.
1989,
18:
1368
-
6a
Herrmann WA.
Köcher C.
Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl.
1997,
36:
2162
-
6b
Jafarpour L.
Nolan SP.
Adv. Organomet. Chem.
2000,
46:
181
-
6c
Bourissou D.
Guerret O.
Gabbaï FP.
Bertrand G.
Chem. Rev.
2000,
100:
39
-
6d
Herrmann WA.
Weskamp T.
Böhm VPW.
Adv. Organomet. Chem.
2001,
48:
1
-
6e
Herrmann WA.
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
2002,
41:
1290
-
7a
Peris E.
Crabtree RH.
Coord. Chem. Rev.
2004,
248:
2239
-
7b
Crudden CM.
Allen DP.
Coord. Chem. Rev.
2004,
248:
2247
-
7c
McGuinness DS.
Cavell KJ.
Organometallics
2000,
19:
741
-
7d
Arnold PL.
Scarisbrick AC.
Blake AJ.
Wilson C.
Chem. Commun.
2001,
2340
-
7e
Danopoulos AA.
Winston S.
Motherwell WB.
Chem. Commun.
2002,
1376
-
7f
Altenhoff G.
Goddard R.
Lehmann CW.
Glorius F.
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.
2003,
42:
3690
-
7g
Liu J.
Zhao Y.
Zhou Y.
Li L.
Zhang TY.
Zhang H.
Org. Biomol. Chem.
2003,
1:
3227
-
8a
Yang C.
Lee HM.
Nolan SP.
Org. Lett.
2001,
3:
1511
-
8b
Danopoulos AA.
Winston S.
Gelbrich T.
Hursthouse MB.
Tooze RP.
Chem. Commun.
2002,
482
-
8c
Seo H.
Park H.-J.
Kim BY.
Lee JH.
Son SU.
Chung YK.
Organometallics
2003,
22:
618
-
8d
Tsoureas N.
Danopoulos AA.
Tulloch AAD.
Light ME.
Organometallics
2003,
22:
4750
-
8e
Bappert E.
Helmchen G.
Synlett
2004,
1789
-
8f
Wang A.-E.
Zhong J.
Xie J.-H.
Li K.
Zhou Q.-L.
Adv. Synth. Catal.
2004,
346:
595
-
8g
Wang A.-E.
Xie J.-H.
Wang L.-X.
Zhou Q.-L.
Tetrahedron
2005,
61:
259
-
13a
Kasyan A.
Wagner C.
Maier ME.
Tetrahedron
1998,
54:
8047
-
13b
Namyslo JC.
Kaufman DE.
Synlett
1999,
804
- 15
Brunner H.
Kramler K.
Synthesis
1991,
1121
- 16
Sakuraba S.
Awano K.
Achiwa K.
Synlett
1994,
291
- 17
Wu X.-Y.
Xu H.-D.
Tang F.-Y.
Zhou Q.-L.
Tetrahedron: Asymmetry
2001,
12:
2565
9
Physical Data of Amide 5.
White solid, mp 94-96 °C. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 1.41 (s, 9 H, CH3), 6.88 (m, 1 H, Ar-H), 6.92 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H, Ar-H), 7.26-7.36 (m, 12 H, Ar-H, NH), 7.93 (dd, J = 8.1, 4.5 Hz, 1 H, Ar-H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 28.2, 80.4, 120.6, 123.6, 125.0, 125.2, 128.7, 128.8, 129.1, 130.4, 133.5, 133.7, 134.1, 134.9, 135.0, 141.7, 142.0, 152.9. 31P NMR (121 MHz, CDCl3): δ = -21.2. MS (ESI): m/z = 378 [M + 1]. Anal. Calcd for C23H24NO2P: C, 73.19; H, 6.41; N, 3.71. Found: C, 73.01; H, 6.26; N, 3.68.
10
Physical Data.
Compound 6a: oil. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 1.09 (s, 9 H, CH3), 3.12 (m, 1 H, NCH2), 3.21 (m, 1 H, NCH2), 3.40 (m, 1 H, NCH2), 4.25 (br s, 2 H, NCH2, NH), 6.44 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2 H, Ar-H), 6.58 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1 H, Ar-H), 6.93-7.22 (m, 16 H, Ar-H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 27.8, 42.5, 49.0, 49.1, 79.9, 112.1, 116.6, 127.4, 128.1, 128.2, 128.3, 128.4, 128.9, 129.6, 129.7, 133.4, 133.6, 133.7, 134.9, 136.0, 136.1, 136.7, 136.8, 145.8, 146.2, 148.0. 31P NMR (121 MHz, CDCl3): δ = -17.9. HRMS (ESI): m/z calcd for C31H34N2O2P: 497.2352; found: 497.2359.
Compound 6b: white solid, mp 92-93 °C. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 1.16 (s, 9 H, CH3), 2.18 (s, 6 H, CH3), 2.21 (s, 3 H, CH3), 3.01-3.35 (m, 4 H, NCH2), 4.18 (br s, 1 H, NH), 6.78 (s, 2 H, Ar-H), 7.03 (m, 1 H, Ar-H), 7.15-7.31 (m, 13 H, Ar-H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 18.7, 20.6, 28.1, 47.2, 50.8, 80.0, 127.7, 128.4, 128.5, 128.6, 128.8, 129.5, 130.5, 133.7, 134.0, 135.3, 136.4, 136.6, 137.1, 137.2, 143.8, 146.5, 146.9, 155.5. 31P NMR (121 MHz, CDCl3): δ = -18.2. MS (ESI): m/z = 539 [M + 1]. Anal. Calcd for C34H39N2O2P: C, 75.81; H, 7.30; N, 5.20. Found: C, 75.71; H, 7.16; N, 5.25.
Compound 6c: oil. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 1.15 (s, 9 H, CH3), 1.19 (d, J = 5.4 Hz, 12H, CH3), 2.97 (m, 1 H, NCH2), 3.21 (m, 4 H, NCH2, CH), 3.45 (m, 1 H, NCH2), 4.29 (br s, 1 H, NH), 7.05 (m, 4 H, Ar-H), 7.23-7.32 (m, 13 H, Ar-H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 24.4, 24.5, 27.9, 28.2, 50.2, 50.9, 76.9, 77.2, 50.9, 80.1, 123.7, 127.8, 128.6, 128.7, 128.8, 128.9, 130.0, 130.2, 133.9, 134.0, 134.1, 135.4. 31P NMR (121 MHz, CDCl3): δ = -17.1. HRMS (ESI): m/z calcd for C37H46N2O2P: 581.3291; found: 581.3297.
11
Physical Data.
Compound 7a: white foam. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 3.83 (s, 2 H, NCH2), 3.89 (s, 2 H, NCH2), 6.98 (s, 2 H, Ar-H), 7.17-7.37 (m, 15 H, Ar-H), 7.71 (s, 2 H, Ar-H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 49.5, 50.3, 123.6, 128.8, 128.9, 129.1, 129.2, 129.5, 129.8, 130.2, 130.3, 130.6, 130.9, 131.0, 131.6, 133.9, 134.1, 135.7, 136.1. 31P NMR (121 MHz, CDCl3): δ = -18.6. HRMS (ESI): m/z calcd for C26H26N2P: 397.1828; found: 397.1834.
Compound 7b: white foam. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 2.23 (s, 3 H, CH3), 2.48 (s, 6 H, CH3), 3.87 (m, 2 H, NCH2), 4.21 (m, 2 H, NCH2), 6.80 (s, 2 H, Ar-H), 7.22 (m, 2 H, Ar-H), 7.37-7.65 (m, 12 H, Ar-H). 8.56 (br s, 2 H), 10.84 (br s, 2 H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 19.0, 19.1, 20.7, 44.3, 48.2, 118.6, 118.7, 123.3, 124.1, 129.1, 129.2, 130.8, 131.0, 132.1, 133.3, 133.8, 134.0, 135.9, 139.2, 145.6, 145.7, 145.9. 31P NMR (121 MHz, CDCl3): δ = -17.9. MS (ESI): m/z = 439 [M - 2 HCl + 1]. Anal. Calcd for C29H33Cl2N2P: C, 68.10; H, 6.50; N, 5.48. Found: C, 68.07; H, 6.68; N, 5.56.
Compound 7c: white foam. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 1.19 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 6 H, CH3), 1.32 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 6 H, CH3), 3.37 (m, 1 H, NCH2), 3.47 (m, 2 H, NCH2), 3.57 (m, 2 H, CH), 4.04 (m, 1 H, NCH2), 4.23 (m, 1 H, NCH2), 6.66 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1 H, Ar-H), 6.78 (m, 2 H, Ar-H), 7.14-7.40 (m, 14 H, Ar-H), 10.90 (br s, 4 H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 23.9, 27.3, 27.4, 36.5, 38.7, 50.8, 52.8, 109.8, 117.5, 119.0, 119.1, 123.2, 124.6, 124.7, 127.5, 127.6, 127.8, 128.5, 128.7, 128.9, 129.0, 129.9, 132.6, 132.8, 133.9, 134.1, 134.2, 142.2, 142.4, 148.2, 148.4. 31P NMR (121 MHz, CDCl3): δ = -22.5. HRMS (ESI): m/z calcd for C32H36N2P: 481.2767; found: 481.2770.
12
Physical Data.
Compound 2a: white solid, mp 235-237 °C. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 4.50 (s, 4 H, NCH2), 6.90 (m, J = 6.8, 4.0 Hz, 1 H, Ar-H), 7.25-7.45 (m, 17 H, Ar-H), 8.17 (dd, J = 7.6, 4.0 Hz, 1 H, Ar-H), 8.85 (s, 1 H, NCH). 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 49.8, 52.9, 119.3, 127.9, 128.9, 129.4, 130.1, 130.2, 130.6, 131.3, 133.9, 134.2, 134.3, 134.5, 135.4, 135.5, 135.7, 138.5, 138.7, 155.6. 31P NMR (121 MHz, CDCl3): δ = -14.6. HRMS (ESI): m/z calcd for C27H24N2P: 407.1593; found: 407.1593.
Compound 2b: white solid, mp 255-257 °C. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 2.28 (s, 3 H, CH3), 2.36 (s, 6 H, CH3), 4.40 (m, 2 H, NCH2), 4.83 (m, 2 H, NCH2), 6.89 (m, 3 H, Ar-H), 7.25 (m, 4 H, Ar-H), 7.40 (m, 7 H, Ar-H), 7.58 (m, 1 H, Ar-H), 8.13 (s, 1 H, NCH), 8.53 (m, J = 7.8, 4.5 Hz, 1 H, Ar-H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 18.1, 18.2, 18.3, 21.0, 52.0, 53.7, 53.8, 119.0, 129.2, 129.3, 129.9, 130.5, 131.7, 133.7, 133.9, 134.4, 135.5, 140.5, 158.1, 158.2. 31P NMR (121 MHz, CDCl3): δ = -18.1. MS (ESI): m/z = 449 [M - Cl]. Anal. Calcd for C30H30ClN2P: C, 74.29; H, 6.23; N, 5.78. Found: C, 74.32; H, 6.38; N, 5.80.
Compound 2c: white solid, mp 268-270 °C. 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 1.28 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 6 H, CH3), 1.32 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 6 H, CH3), 3.35 (m, 2 H, CH), 4.39 (m, 2 H, NCH2), 4.80 (m, 2 H, NCH2), 6.95 (dd, J = 7.5, 3.6 Hz, 1 H, Ar-H), 7.21-7.28 (m, 6 H, Ar-H), 7.36-7.48 (m, 8 H, Ar-H), 7.60 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 1 H), 8.13 (s, 1 H, NCH), 8.53 (dd, J = 7.8, 4.5 Hz, Ar-H). 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3): δ = 24.6, 25.2, 28.5, 53.9, 54.6, 125.0, 128.8, 129.1, 129.2, 129.3, 129.6, 130.0, 130.5, 131.2, 131.8, 133.5, 133.6, 133.9, 134.1, 134.2, 134.4, 138.7, 139.0, 146.8, 157.4, 157.5. 31P NMR (121 MHz, CDCl3): δ = -18.6. HRMS (ESI): m/z calcd for C33H36N2P: 491.2611; found: 491.2606.
14
General Experimental Procedure.
Under an atmosphere of nitrogen, 5.0 mL DMSO were injected to a Schlenk tube charged with Pd(OAc)2 (0.01 mmol), imidazolinium salt 2 (0.01 mmol) and t-BuOK (0.01 mmol). The mixture was stirred at r.t. for 2 h. An appropriate amount of this catalyst solution was taken and added to the solution of iodobenzene (204 mg, 1 mmol), norbornene (320 mg, 3.4 mmol), Et3N (379 mg, 3.75 mmol) and formic acid (138 mg, 3 mmol) in 5.0 mL of DMSO. The mixture was stirred at 120 °C, and the course of reaction was monitored by GC. After the starting material was completely consumed the reaction mixture was cooled to r.t., and 50 mL of H2O was added. The product was extracted with pentane (3 × 30 mL), and the extract was dried over anhyd Na2SO4. The product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel eluting with PE.
18 Catalyst loading for the reaction of 13c is 0.5 mol%.