Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2004; 8(3): 231-242
DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-835363
Copyright © 2004 by Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc., 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001 USA.

Parasitic and Fungal Disease of Bones and Joints

Remide Arkun1
  • 1Ege University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology, Izmir, Turkey
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
11 October 2004 (online)

Among the musculoskeletal infections, fungal and parasitic diseases are infrequent and may have a nonspecific imaging factor. The incidences of fungal and parasitic bone infections are related to geographic distribution, ethnic and nutritional factors, and occupation. Immunocompromise and ease of travel can lead to increased incidence. These are a group of chronic disorders, and delayed diagnosis is common because radiographs, computed tomography, isotope studies, and magnetic resonance imaging are useful but often do not have specific signs for determination of the causative infective fungal or parasitic organism. Definitive diagnosis is possible with a high index of clinical suspicion and aspiration.

REFERENCES

  • 1 Kwon-chung K J, Bennet J E. Medical Mycology. Philadelphia; Lea & Febiger 1992: 3-713
  • 2 Cuellar M L, Silveira L H, Citera G, Cabrera G E, Valle R. Other fungal arthritides.  Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 1993;  19 439-455
  • 3 Abd El Bagi M E, Summak B M, Al Shahed M S, Yousef O A, Al Jared M, Al Tahagafi M A. Rare bone infections, excluding the spine.  Eur Radiol. 1999;  9 1078-1087
  • 4 Goncalves J, Gueit I, Cambon-Michot C, Brasseur P, Dujardin F. Osseous site of systemic cryptococcosis in an immunocompetent patient [in French].  Rev Chir Orthop Reparatrice Appar Mot. 1998;  84 451-455
  • 5 Resnick D. Bone and Joint Imaging. Philadelphia; WB Saunders 1989: 728-789
  • 6 Liu P Y. Cryptococcal osteomyelitis: case report and review.  Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 1998;  30 33-35
  • 7 Witte D A, Chen I, Brady J, Ramzy I, Troung L D, Ostrowski M L. Cryptococcal osteomyelitis. Report of a case with aspiration biopsy of a humeral lesion with radiologic features of malignancy.  Acta Cytol. 2000;  44 815-818
  • 8 Miller D J, Mejicano G C. Vertebral osteomyelitis due to candida species: case report and literature review.  Clin Infect Dis. 2001;  33 523-530
  • 9 Allen D, Ng S, Beaton K, Taussig D. Sternal osteomyelitis caused by Aspergillus fumigatus in previously treated Hodgkin's disease.  J Clin Pathol. 2002;  55 616-618
  • 10 May D A, Disier D G. Case 50: primary coccidioidal synovitis of the knee.  Radiology. 2002;  224 665-668
  • 11 Zeppa M A, Laorr A, Greenspan A, McGahan J P, Steinbach L S. Skeletal coccidioidomycosis: imaging findings in 19 patients.  Skeletal Radiol. 1996;  25 337-343
  • 12 Lund P J, Chan K M, Unger E C, Galgiani T N, Pitt M J. Magnetic resonance imaging in coccidioidal arthritis.  Skeletal Radiol. 1996;  25 661-665
  • 13 Salfelder K. Atlas of Fungal Pathology. Dorecht, The Netherlands; Kluwer Academic Publishers 1990: 145-148
  • 14 Letts M, Davidson D, Lalonde F. Synovitis secondary to giardiasis.  Am J Orthop. 1998;  27 451-454
  • 15 Layton M A. Sacroiliitis in an HLA B27-negative patient following giardiasis.  Br J Rheumatol. 1998;  37 581-583
  • 16 Gallagher B, Khalifa M, Van Heerden P, Elbardisy N. Acute carpal tunnel syndrome due to filarial infection.  Pathol Res Pract. 2002;  198 65-67
  • 17 Martin J, Marco V, Zidan A, Marco C. Hydatid disease of the soft tissues of the lower limb: findings in three cases.  Skeletal Radiol. 1993;  22 511-514
  • 18 Merkle E M, Schulte M, Vogel J et al.. Musculoskeletal involvement in cystic echinococcosis: report of eight cases and review of the literature.  AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1997;  168 1531-1534
  • 19 Von Sinner W N, Akhtar M. Case report 833.  Skeletal Radiol. 1994;  23 220-223
  • 20 Beggs I. The radiology of hydatid disease.  AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1985;  145 639-648
  • 21 Von Sinner W N. A case of primary osseous pelvic hydatid disease (Echinococcus granulosus).  Rofo Fortschr Geb Rontgenstr Neuen Bildgeb Verfahr. 1991;  155 88-90
  • 22 Memis A, Arkun R, Bilgen I, Ustun E E. Primary soft tissue hydatid disease: report of two cases with MRI characteristics.  Eur Radiol. 1999;  9 1101-1103
  • 23 Marani S A, Canossi G C, Nicoli F A et al.. Hydatid disease: MR imaging study.  Radiology. 1990;  175 701-706
  • 24 Tekkok I H, Benli K. Primary spinal extradural hydatid disease: report of a case with magnetic resonance characteristics and pathological correlation.  Neurosurgery. 1993;  33 320-323
  • 25 Cho J H, Lee K B, Yong T S et al.. Subcutaneous and musculoskeletal sparganosis: imaging characteristics and pathologic correlation.  Skeletal Radiol. 2000;  29 402-408

Remide ArkunM.D. 

Ege University School of Medicine, Department of Radiology

35100 Bornova, Izmir, Turkey