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DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-825896
Akute Rückenmark- und Wirbelsäulenverletzungen
Acute Injuries of the Spinal Cord and SpinePublication History
Publication Date:
14 September 2004 (online)
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Zusammenfassung
Wirbelsäulenverletzungen, besonders bei Beteiligung des Rückenmarks und der Nervenwurzeln, können für den Patienten erhebliche Folgen haben, bis hin zu Querschnittslähmung und Tod im spinalen Schock. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden neben den für die radiologische Diagnostik wichtigen embryologischen und anatomischen Grundlagen der Wirbelsäule die Unfallmechanismen und die daraus resultierenden typischen Verletzungsfolgen dargestellt. Auf Sonderfälle wie die Beteiligung der Ligg. alaria und typische Verletzungsmuster bei Kindern wird ebenso eingegangen wie auf die für die einzelnen Verletzungsmuster wichtigen bildgebenden Verfahren. Basierend auf der aktuellen Literatur und Empfehlungen der Fachgesellschaften wird eine Anleitung zur radiologischen Diagnostik von spinalen Traumen gegeben. Die Vor- und Nachteile der einzelnen bildgebenden Verfahren werden dargestellt und diskutiert.
Abstract
Spinal injuries may result in severe neurological deficits, especially if the spinal cord or spinal nerve roots are involved. Patients may even die of a spinal shock. Besides presenting the important embryologic and anatomical basis underlying the typical radiological findings of spinal trauma, the trauma mechanisms and the resulting injuries are correlated. Special situations, such as the involvement of the alar ligaments and typical injuries in children, will be discussed as well as specific traumatic patters relevant for imaging. Based on the actual literature and recommendations of professional organizations, an approach is provided to the radiologic evaluation of spinal injuries. Advantages and disadvantages of the individual imaging modalities are presented and discussed.
Key words
Spinal trauma - Pediatric spinal injury - Conventional radiography imaging - Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging - Myelogram - Alar ligaments
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Dr. med. Uwe Heinemann
Klinikum Aschaffenburg · Inst. für Radiologie und Neuroradiologie
Am Hasenkopf 1 · 63736 Aschaffenburg
Phone: +49(0)6021 32-3141
Fax: +49(0)6021 32-3105
Email: u.968h@onlinehome.de