Zusammenfassung
Das Marfan-Syndrom ist eine autosomal dominant vererbte Störung der Fibrillin-1-Synthese mit polytoper Manifestation. 75 % der Betroffenen entwickeln ein Aneurysma der Aorta ascendens, 41 % erleiden eine Aortendissektion und 93 % versterben an den cardiovaskulären Manifestationen. Skelettveränderungen bestehen bei 2/3 der Patienten, 60 - 80 % erleiden eine Luxation der Augenlinse. Die Lebenserwartung beträgt unbehandelt 32 ± 16 Jahre. Mit optimaler Therapie können jedoch bis zu 60 Jahre erreicht werden. Voraussetzung hierfür ist eine frühzeitige Diagnose der Erkrankung sowie ihrer lebensbedrohenden Komplikationen. Der radiologischen Diagnostik kommt durch den Nachweis diagnostischer Haupt- und Nebenkriterien sowie der frühzeitigen Erkennung kritischer Dilatationen und Dissektionen der Aorta die zentrale Bedeutung zu. Die Übersichtsarbeit beschreibt die beim Marfan-Syndrom radiologisch nachweisbaren polytopen Veränderungen und erläutert den Stellenwert der verschiedenen bildgebenden Verfahren in der Diagnostik und Therapie des Marfan-Syndroms.
Abstract
Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance. It is caused by mutations in the fibrillin-1 gene and leads to different disease manifestations. Seventy-five percent of the affected individuals develop an aneurysm of the ascending aorta, 41 % suffer from aortic dissections, and 93 % die of cardiovascular diseases. Skeletal changes occur in two-thirds of the patients, and lens dislocation is observed in 60 to 80 %. Without treatment, the life expectancy is 32 ± 16 years. However, Marfan patients can live up to 60 years if they receive optimal therapy. Early diagnosis of the disease and it 's life-threatening sequelae is the prerequisite for early therapy. Radiologic diagnostic techniques are of pivotal importance in this context as they allow the identification of major and minor disease manifestations and the detection of severe dilatations and aortic dissections at an early stage. This overview describes the radiologically detectable multiple changes seen in Marfan syndrome and explains the diagnostic value of various imaging techniques in the diagnosis and therapy of Marfan syndrome.
Key words
Marfan syndrome - computed tomography (CT) - magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) - radiographs
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Dr. C. Dieckmann
Radiologisches Zentrum, Klinik und Poliklinik für Diagnostische und Interventionelle Radiologie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf
Martinistraße 52
20246 Hamburg
Email: dieckmann@uke.uni-hamburg.de