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DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-40809
Chancen und Risiken von Managed Care
Opportunities and Risks of Managed CarePublication History
Publication Date:
31 July 2003 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Ziel: Mit der vorliegenden Untersuchung sollen die Chancen und Risiken von Managed Care analysiert und gegenübergestellt werden. Diese Informationen können als weitere Grundlage für eine sachliche Diskussion zur Einführung einzelner Managed-Care-Elemente im deutschen Gesundheitswesen dienen. Methode: Im Rahmen einer Literaturrecherche wurden die wesentlichen internationalen Erfahrungen mit Managed Care - v. a. in den USA und der Schweiz - analysiert und dargestellt. Hieraus wurden die Chancen und Risiken von Managed Care abgeleitet und diskutiert. Ergebnisse: Die wichtigsten Chancen von Managed Care bestehen in einer Stabilisierung der Kosten, Verbesserung der Versorgungsprozesse und -qualität sowie stärkeren Beachtung präventiver Leistung. Für die Versicherten besteht eine größere Auswahl an verschiedenen Versorgungsformen sowie die Möglichkeit günstigerer Versicherungsbeiträge. Vorhandene Risiken von Managed Care bestehen in der potenziellen Gefahr der Unterversorgung mit der Notwendigkeit umfassender Qualitätssicherungsmaßnahmen sowie in der Veränderung des Selbstverständnisses und der Autonomie der Ärzte. Zudem kann Managed Care negative Einflüsse auf das Verhältnis zwischen Ärzten und Patienten sowie zwischen Haus- und Fachärzten haben. Schlussfolgerungen: Managed Care kann hinsichtlich Kostensenkung und Qualitätsverbesserung eindeutige Vorteile gegenüber traditionellen Versorgungsformen haben. Unter Beachtung und Vermeidung der Problempunkte und Risiken können die - auf jeden Fall vorhandenen - Chancen von Managed Care genutzt werden, um auch das deutsche Gesundheitssystem mindestens in Teilbereichen hinsichtlich Kosten und Qualität zu verbessern.
Abstract
Aim: The present paper aims at analysing and discussing managed care with its opportunities and risks. This analysis should be a further basis for a reasonable discussion concerning the implementation of managed care elements in the German Health Care system. Method: On the basis of an update literature research the relevant international experiences with managed care in several health care systems - especially in the United States and Switzerland - are analysed and described. Most relevant opportunities and risks of managed care are deduced from this analysis. Results: The most important opportunities of managed care are the stabilisation of health care costs, an improvement of health care processes and quality and a stronger consideration of preventive measures. The possibility of choosing between several health care models and more convenient health insurance fees are opportunities for the patients. Relevant risks of managed care involve the potential withholding of medical care with the necessity of a comprehensive quality assurance and negative influences on the physicians’ autonomy. Furthermore, managed care may have negative effects on the relationship between patients and physicians or between general practioners and medical specialists. Conclusions: Managed care has proven advantages in respect of cost stabilisation and quality improvement compared with traditional health care systems. If the risks and known problems of managed care are realised and avoided, the available opportunities could be an important option to reform the German Health Care system in respect of costs and quality.
Schlüsselwörter
Managed Care - Gesundheitsreform - Gesundheitswesen - Versorgungsqualität - Versorgungskosten
Key words
Managed care - health care reform - German Health Care system - quality of health care - health care costs
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Dr. med. Dr. rer. pol. Michael Wiechmann
Leiter Bereich Gesundheitsmanagement und Medizin, Allianz Private Krankenversicherungs-AG
Fritz-Schäffer-Str. 9
81737 München
Email: michael.wiechmann@allianz.de