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Semin Hear 2002; 23(1): 021-034
DOI: 10.1055/s-2002-24973
Copyright © 2002 by Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc., 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA. Tel.: +1(212) 584-4662

Modification of Loudness Discomfort Level: Evidence for Adaptive Chronic Auditory Gain and Its Clinical Relevance

Craig Formby, Susan L. Gold
  • Division of Otolaryngology-HNS and The University of Maryland Tinnitus and Hyperacusis Center, The University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Publication Date:
11 April 2002 (online)

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ABSTRACT

A vexing problem in audiology has been the modification of sound tolerance. Sound intolerance and restricted dynamic ranges are common conditions that audiologists encounter daily in the hearing-impaired population, especially in the fitting of hearing aids. To date, no clinical protocol has proven to be successful for modifying sound tolerance among the hearing- impaired population. This report describes the use of low-level, broadband sound in a habituation-based treatment protocol termed Tinnitus Retraining Therapy (TRT). Over the past decade, TRT has become increasingly popular as an intervention for severe tinnitus and hyperacusis. One of the primary treatment effects from TRT is that over the course of the intervention the patient's loudness discomfort level (LDL) thresholds routinely shift to higher levels. Ostensibly, the resulting higher LDL thresholds reflect treatment effects associated with the resetting of a plastic and adaptive auditory gain process that somehow regulates the supra-threshold sensitivity of the auditory system in response to chronic changes in the sound input from the auditory periphery to the central auditory pathways. Tinnitus patients with significant hearing losses and sound tolerance problems respond successfully to TRT and, as a consequence, their LDL thresholds are usually elevated (improved) and, concomitantly, their dynamic ranges are expanded. Many of these patients, who before the TRT intervention could not tolerate amplified sound, then have been able to make a comfortable transition into appropriate amplification after treatment. In principle, TRT would seem to offer a viable intervention strategy for modifying sound tolerance in the general hearing-impaired population. If so, then the clinical applications of TRT principles may extend well beyond the treatment of tinnitus and hyperacusis.

KEYWORD

Sound tolerance - hyperacusis - Tinnitus Retraining Therapy - chronic auditory gain - adaptive plasticity

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